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Metabolic alterations and systemic inflammation in overweight/obese children with obstructive sleep apnea

Surya Prakash Bhatt1, Randeep Guleria1, S K Kabra2

  • 1Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Plos One
|June 4, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in obese children is linked to higher levels of systemic inflammation and insulin resistance. These findings highlight the importance of addressing OSA in pediatric obesity management.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Systemic inflammation is associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
  • Limited research exists on childhood OSA and its inflammatory markers.
  • Overweight and obese children are at increased risk for OSA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between OSA and systemic inflammation in overweight/obese children.
  • To identify specific inflammatory markers associated with OSA in this pediatric population.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 247 overweight/obese children.
  • Evaluation of demographic, clinical, anthropometric, and body composition data.
  • Measurement of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, IL-18, IL-23, MIF, Hs-CRP, TNF-α, PAI-1, leptin) and polysomnography.

Main Results:

  • OSA was diagnosed in 40% of the children.
  • Children with OSA showed significantly higher BMI, waist circumference, body fat, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and liver enzymes.
  • Elevated levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, IL-18, MIF, Hs-CRP, TNF-α, PAI-1, and leptin were observed in OSA patients.
  • Strong positive correlations found between inflammatory markers and obesity/metabolic parameters.

Conclusions:

  • Childhood OSA in overweight/obese children is associated with increased systemic inflammation and insulin resistance.
  • Further research is needed to validate these findings for diagnostic and therapeutic applications in OSA.
Abstract

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