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We theoretically investigate quantum states of photons interacting with atoms in a waveguide. Our findings reveal quantum chaos due to long-range coupling, challenging traditional models of interacting quantum systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Many-body systems
  • Quantum optics

Background:

  • Investigating quantum states of photons interacting with two-level atoms in a waveguide is crucial for understanding complex quantum phenomena.
  • Traditional models often assume integrable systems, limiting the scope of phenomena explained.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically study quantum states of a pair of photons interacting with a finite periodic array of two-level atoms in a waveguide.
  • To identify the key factors leading to nonintegrability and quantum chaos in such systems.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical calculation of two-polariton eigenstates.
  • Analysis of wave function behavior in real space.
  • Identification of long-range waveguide-mediated coupling as a critical factor.

Main Results:

  • Discovery of two-polariton eigenstates with highly irregular wave functions.
  • Demonstration of the breakdown of the Bethe ansatz, indicating the onset of quantum chaos.
  • Identification of long-range waveguide-mediated coupling as the cause of chaos and nonintegrability.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals quantum chaos in a system of interacting photons and atoms, contrasting with integrable models.
  • Long-range coupling in waveguide quantum electrodynamics is identified as a key driver of nonintegrability.
  • Results offer new insights into the interplay of order, chaos, and localization in many-body quantum systems and are experimentally testable.