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Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

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The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
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Pathophysiology of Diabetes

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

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Techniques of Therapeutic Communication II: Focusing, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing

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Focusing involves centering a conversation on a message's critical elements or concepts. Focusing is valuable if the talk is vague or patients begin to repeat themselves. Sometimes, when patients are asked about their symptoms, they may go off-topic and try to tell their entire life story. Respectfully, the nurse should bring the conversation back into focus.
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Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

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Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
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Laughter therapy in diabetes.

Venkata Rama Kumar¹, M V Rama Mohan², G Vijaya Kumar³

¹Department of Diabetology, SVR Diabetes Care and Research Centre, Guntur, India.

JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association

|June 10, 2021

Summary

Gelotology, the science of laughter, offers therapeutic benefits for chronic diseases. Laughter therapy shows promise in managing diabetes through its physiological and endocrine effects.

Keywords:

Diabetes mellitus, euthymia, euthymic euglycaemia, glycaemic happiness, lifestyle modification, non-pharmacological therapy

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Area of Science:

Integrative medicine
Psychoneuroimmunology
Complementary medicine

Background:

Gelotology, the scientific study of laughter, is emerging as a complementary medical field.
Laughter therapy is recognized for its diverse physiological and endocrine advantages.
It is increasingly utilized in managing various chronic health conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore aspects of laughter therapy.
To review existing evidence on the therapeutic potential of laughter in diabetes management.

Main Methods:

Review of scientific literature on laughter therapy.
Analysis of studies investigating laughter's impact on physiological and endocrine markers relevant to diabetes.

Main Results:

Laughter therapy demonstrates multifaceted benefits, including physiological and endocrine improvements.
Evidence suggests potential applications for laughter therapy in diabetes care.

Conclusions:

Laughter therapy is a developing complementary approach in medicine.
Further research is warranted to fully establish the role of laughter therapy in diabetes management.