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Related Concept Videos

RNA Structure01:19

RNA Structure

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The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
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The intermediate filaments are one of three widely studied cytoskeletal filaments. They are so named as their diameter (10 nm) is in between that of microfilaments (7 nm) and the microtubules (25 nm).  These filaments are highly stable and can remain intact when exposed to high salt concentrations and detergents. These filaments are responsible for providing stability and mechanical support to the cells. They also help in cell adhesion and maintaining tissue integrity.
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The eukaryotic nucleus is a double membrane-bound organelle that contains nearly all of the cell’s genetic material in the form of chromosomes. It is rightly called the “brain” of the cell as it shoulders the responsibility of responding to various physiological processes, stress, altered metabolic conditions, and other cellular signals. 
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Tight junctions are molecular seals between cells that prevent the leaking of fluids, ions, and other small solutes across cavities and compartments in multicellular organisms. They are mainly composed of claudin and occludin transmembrane proteins, and other proteins such as tricellulin and JAM (junctional adhesion molecule). All these proteins are 4-pass transmembrane proteins, except JAM, which is a single-pass transmembrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. The...
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Conjugative Mating Assays for Sequence-specific Analysis of Transfer Proteins Involved in Bacterial Conjugation
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tRNA-like structures and their functions.

Sipeng Wu1, Xiang Li1, Geng Wang1

  • 1State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, China.

The FEBS Journal
|June 12, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

tRNA-like structures (TLSs) are found across diverse species and RNA types. This review summarizes their known functions, including RNA replication and translation, and discusses future research directions.

Keywords:
mRNAmammalnoncoding RNAplanttRNA-like structurevirus

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • tRNA-like structures (TLSs) were initially discovered in viral RNA genomes.
  • These structures are now recognized in various organisms, including mammals, within viral RNAs, mRNAs, and noncoding RNAs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of TLS regulations and functions.
  • To discuss potential future research avenues for TLSs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on tRNA-like structures.
  • Synthesis of information regarding TLS identification, regulation, and functional roles.

Main Results:

  • TLSs are conserved RNA elements with diverse roles.
  • Identified functions include RNA replication, translation enhancement, and RNA-protein interactions.

Conclusions:

  • TLSs are crucial regulatory elements in RNA biology.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate their complex mechanisms and applications.