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Eavesdropping wires: Recording activity in axons using genetically encoded calcium indicators.

Gerard Joey Broussard1, Leopoldo Petreanu2

  • 1Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.

Journal of Neuroscience Methods
|June 13, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Researchers explore how calcium imaging in axons reveals neural projection organization. New methods and challenges in recording action potentials from single boutons to multi-cell projections are discussed.

Keywords:
AxonsCalcium imagingFiber photometryGenetically-encoded calcium indicatorsNeural circuitsNeural projectionsProtein engineeringRodentsTwo-photon imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cellular Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Neurons transmit electrical signals via axonal arbors to distant brain regions.
  • Genetically encoded calcium sensors enable direct observation of action potential activity in axonal terminals.
  • Axonal recordings offer unique insights into neural projection organization and function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore information obtainable from axonal recordings at various scales.
  • To discuss the application of advanced imaging methods for axonal neural activity.
  • To address experimental challenges and methodological advances in axon imaging.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing genetically encoded calcium sensors for neural activity detection.
  • Employing multi-photon and fiber photometry techniques in rodent models.
  • Analyzing recordings from single boutons to multi-cell axon projections.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the feasibility of recording action potential activity in axonal terminals.
  • Highlighted challenges in imaging the axonal compartment and recent solutions.
  • Showcased how different scales of recordings provide distinct information on neural projections.

Conclusions:

  • Axon calcium imaging is a powerful tool for understanding neural circuit function.
  • Methodological advancements are expanding the possibilities of studying neural projections.
  • Future integration of new technologies with axon imaging will address key neurobiology questions.