Adverse Effects of Chronic Steroid use Following Thyroidectomy

Prior to thyroid surgery, a subset of patients chronically uses steroids to manage medical conditions such as Grave's disease, auto-immune conditions, or organ transplantation. Existing literature describes adverse effects of prolonged steroid use on surgical outcomes, however there remains a paucity of data investigating the specific effects of steroid use on postoperative outcomes after thyroidectomy. This study aims to identify complication risks steroid users are predisposed to after thyroidectomy.

The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Database (ACS-NSQIP) was queried to identify and isolate all patients who had undergone thyroidectomy procedures by Current Procedure Terminology codes from 2005 through 2018. Univariate analysis was performed to compare steroid uses and non-steroid users. Coarsened exact matching was utilized to homogenize the two cohorts based on demographics and preoperative comorbidities.

A total of 153,595 thyroidectomies were initially included. After Coarsened exact matching, 116,861 patients were categorized as non-steroid users, and 2,965 as steroid users. The steroid cohort demonstrated significantly higher rates of any complication (P < 0.001) as well as overall surgical, cardiopulmonary, and renal complications. Individual complications such as superficial surgical site infections (P = 0.013), pulmonary embolism (P = 0.016), deep vein thrombosis (P = 0.011), progressive renal insufficiency (P = 0.006), and unplanned readmission (P = 0.026) were also increased.

Patients with chronic steroid use undergoing thyroidectomy are at an increased risk for surgical, cardiopulmonary, and renal complications. Further research on preoperative steroid management is necessary for optimizing outcomes in this population.