Related Experiment Video
Updated: Nov 2, 2025
08:15
Data Communication Based on MQTT in a Polymer Extrusion Process
Published on: July 15, 2022
3.6K
Standard Connections for IIoT Empowered Smart Manufacturing
Yan Lu1, Paul Witherell1, Albert Jones1
1National Institute of Standards and Technology.
Manufacturing Letters
|June 14, 2021
Summary
The Industrial Internet-of-Things (IIoT) revolutionizes manufacturing with smart, connected systems. This paper reviews current IIoT standards, proposes a new landscape, and identifies critical gaps for Industry 4.0.
Area of Science:
- Manufacturing Technology
- Industrial Informatics
- Systems Engineering
Background:
- The Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0) is driven by ubiquitous connectivity.
- Industrial Internet-of-Things (IIoT) enables advanced interactions between hardware, software, and humans.
- IIoT integration with AI tools transforms manufacturing into smart systems, enhancing agility, quality, and efficiency.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review existing Industrial Internet-of-Things (IIoT) standards in manufacturing.
- To present a novel IIoT standards landscape tailored for the smart manufacturing paradigm.
- To identify and describe current gaps within IIoT standards.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of current IIoT standards in the manufacturing sector.
- Development of a new conceptual framework for IIoT standards in smart manufacturing.
- Analysis and documentation of identified standards deficiencies.
Main Results:
- A comprehensive overview of prevalent IIoT standards currently employed in manufacturing operations.
- A proposed new landscape illustrating the interconnectedness of IIoT standards for smart manufacturing.
- Detailed identification of key areas where current IIoT standards are lacking or insufficient.
Conclusions:
- Connectivity and integration standards are crucial enablers for IIoT-powered smart manufacturing.
- The proposed IIoT standards landscape provides a strategic view for future development.
- Addressing identified standards gaps is essential for realizing the full potential of Industry 4.0.
Related Concept Videos
01:26Steel Manufacturing
952
Steel manufacturing is a multi-stage process that begins by smelting iron ore into cast iron in a blast furnace. This initial stage involves layering iron ore with coke, a type of fuel, and crushed limestone within the furnace. The coke is ignited with a high volume of air, leading to the creation of carbon monoxide, which acts to reduce the iron ore to pure iron.
During this smelting process, limestone plays a crucial role by forming slag. Slag captures impurities within the molten iron, such...
During this smelting process, limestone plays a crucial role by forming slag. Slag captures impurities within the molten iron, such...
952
01:23Instrument Transformers
202
Instrument transformers, comprising voltage transformers (VTs) and current transformers (CTs), play crucial roles in power substations by providing isolated replicas of current or voltage for measurement and protection purposes. Voltage transformers reduce the primary voltage to levels suitable for relay operation and measurement, while current transformers scale down the primary current. The primary winding of a current transformer often consists of a single turn, achieved by threading the...
202
01:25Power System Distribution
500
Power system distribution involves delivering electrical energy from power plants to consumers through a network of transmission and distribution systems. The process begins at power plants, where energy from coal, gas, nuclear, water, and wind is converted into electrical energy. These plants use three-phase generators, typically rated between 50 to 1300 MVA, with terminal voltages ranging from a few kV to 20 kV, depending on the size and age of the units.
The transmission system is designed...
The transmission system is designed...
500
01:19Electro-mechanical Systems
1.3K
Electromechanical systems are intricate configurations that effectively combine electrical and mechanical elements to achieve a desired outcome. Central to many of these systems is the DC motor, a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical motion, enabling various applications ranging from simple fans to complex robotic mechanisms.
A key component of the DC motor is the armature, a rotating circuit positioned within a magnetic field. As an electric current passes through the...
A key component of the DC motor is the armature, a rotating circuit positioned within a magnetic field. As an electric current passes through the...
1.3K
01:07Electrical Power
3.4K
Electric power is the product of current and voltage, represented in units of joules per second, or watts. For example, cars often have one or more auxiliary power outlets with which you can charge a cell phone or other electronic devices. These outlets may be rated at 20 amps and 12 volts, so that the circuit can deliver a maximum power of 240 watts. Consider a 25 Watt bulb and a 60 Watt bulb. The conversion of electrical energy produces heat and light, while the kinetic energy lost by the...
3.4K
00:51Non-ohmic Devices
1.2K
In most substances, the current flow is proportional to the voltage applied to it. A simple relationship between the values of current, voltage, and resistance is known as Ohm's law. Nonohmic devices do not exhibit a linear relationship between voltage and current. One such device is the semiconducting circuit element known as a diode. A diode is a circuit device that allows current flow in only one direction.
Consider a simple circuit consisting of a battery, a diode, and a resistor. A...
Consider a simple circuit consisting of a battery, a diode, and a resistor. A...
1.2K