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The stomach comprises several layers that work together to facilitate digestion and protect the organ. The outermost layer is called the serosa, which provides support and protection to the stomach. The muscularis externa layer is responsible for the mechanical breakdown of food by contracting and moving the stomach. The submucosa layer, located beneath the muscularis externa, contains connective tissue, blood vessels, nerves, and glands that secrete mucus and other substances essential for...
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The human stomach is a vital part of the digestive system, performing multiple functions. It is located within the peritoneum, a serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity. The stomach plays a central role in processing food substances and interacts with other digestive organs through coordinated digestive processes. The stomach has a characteristic J-shape and is divided into four main regions. The cardia is the first section where the esophagus connects to the stomach and is the entry...
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The small intestine exhibits a unique histological structure that significantly enhances its function in digestion and nutrient absorption. These structures include circular folds, villi, and various specialized cells that collectively facilitate the digestion of food.
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Updated: Nov 2, 2025

Author Spotlight: Generation of and Comparison Between Patient-Derived Gastric Organoids from Different Regions of the Stomach
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Histomorphological analysis of gastric polyps.

Anjali D Amarapurkar1, Kshitija M Kale1, Leena P Naik1

  • 1Department of Pathology, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and Sion Hospital, Mumbai, India.

Indian Journal of Pathology & Microbiology
|June 17, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Gastric polyps, most commonly fundic gland type, were found in 4% of endoscopies. Early detection and biopsy of gastric polyps are crucial for preventing gastric cancer progression.

Keywords:
Adenomafundic gland polypgastric carcinomagastric preneoplastic lesionhyperplastic polypportal hypertensive polyps

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Pathology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Gastric carcinoma and polyp incidence is increasing globally.
  • Gastric carcinogenesis can occur via chronic atrophic gastritis to intestinal metaplasia or the adenoma-carcinoma sequence.
  • Understanding polyp characteristics is vital for cancer prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of gastric polyps.
  • To analyze the endoscopic and histomorphological features of gastric polyps.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 10,800 upper gastrointestinal endoscopies from 2012-2019.
  • Data collection included demographics, endoscopic findings, and histopathology.
  • Gastric polyps classified using standard criteria, noting dysplasia, adenoma, or malignancy.

Main Results:

  • Gastric polyps detected in 4% (434/10,800) of patients, with a higher incidence in the last four years.
  • Most polyps were small (<1 cm), located in the gastric antrum, and found in individuals aged around 55 years (M:F ratio 1:1.2).
  • Fundic gland polyps (33.8%) were most common, followed by hyperplastic polyps (29.4%). Adenomatous features were noted in 2% of polyps.

Conclusions:

  • Fundic gland polyps are the most frequent type identified.
  • Endoscopic identification and biopsy of gastric polyps are essential for early diagnosis and intervention.
  • Proactive management of gastric polyps can mitigate the risk of progression to gastric carcinoma.