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Related Concept Videos

Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:19

Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

89
Pericarditis is distinguished by inflammation of the pericardium, the fibrous sac that encases the heart. It can be acute, lasting less than six weeks, or chronic, persisting for over three months. Understanding its clinical manifestations and diagnostic findings is crucial for timely and effective management.Clinical ManifestationsWhile pericarditis can be asymptomatic, it usually presents with characteristic symptoms such as:Chest Pain: The most characteristic symptom of pericarditis is chest...
89
Pericarditis I: Introduction01:22

Pericarditis I: Introduction

79
Pericarditis is defined as the inflammation of the pericardium, the thin, sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. This condition can cause significant chest pain and other symptoms, often necessitating medical intervention. The pericardium has two layers: the inner visceral layer and the outer parietal layer, separated by a small amount of fluid that reduces friction during heartbeats.Types of PericarditisPericarditis can be classified into several types based on the duration and nature of the...
79
Pericarditis III: Medical Management01:17

Pericarditis III: Medical Management

79
The primary objectives of managing pericarditis are to determine the underlying cause, provide effective therapy for treatment and symptom relief, and promptly detect signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade. The following outlines the essential aspects of medical management for pericarditis:ObjectivesDetermine the Cause: Identifying the underlying cause of pericarditis is crucial for targeted treatment. Causes include viral infections, autoimmune diseases, post-cardiac injury syndrome, and...
79
Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

140
Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
140
Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests

61
Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
61
Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

69
Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
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An Intact Pericardium Ischemic Rodent Model
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Chylopericardium associated with constrictive pericarditis assessed by multimodality imaging.

Emmanuel Androulakis1, Konstantinos Bratis2, T P Chua3

  • 1Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust London United Kingdom.

Clinical Case Reports
|June 17, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a rare case of acute breathlessness caused by calcific pericardial thickening and extremely chylous pericardium, leading to heart constriction.

Keywords:
cardiac magnetic resonance imagingcardiac surgerychylopericardiumconstrictive pericarditismultimodality imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Pericardial diseases can present with diverse clinical manifestations.
  • Chylous pericardial effusion is a rare condition characterized by the accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the pericardial space.

Observation:

  • The patient presented with acute-onset breathlessness.
  • Imaging revealed calcific pericardial thickening encasing the heart.
  • The pericardium was noted to be extremely chylous, a rare finding.

Findings:

  • The combination of calcific pericardial thickening and chylous effusion resulted in cardiac constriction.
  • Multiple imaging modalities confirmed the constrictive nature of the pericardial disease.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of considering rare etiologies in acute breathlessness.
  • Accurate diagnosis and characterization of pericardial conditions are crucial for effective management.
  • Understanding the interplay between pericardial thickening and effusion is key in constrictive pericarditis.