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Reconstructing the tumor architecture into organoids.

Zhimin Luo1, Xingwu Zhou2, Kalpana Mandal3

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, California NanoSystems Institute and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
|June 21, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Engineered tumor organoids offer a more accurate in vitro model of the tumor microenvironment (TME), overcoming limitations of current cancer models. These advanced models hold promise for cancer research, drug discovery, and personalized medicine.

Keywords:
3D printingBiomaterialGenome editingMicrofluidicMicropatterningTumor organoid

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cancer Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Cancer poses a significant global health challenge.
  • Existing cancer models often fail to accurately represent the human tumor microenvironment (TME).
  • Tumor organoids are emerging as promising in vitro models that recapitulate TME features.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review engineering approaches for constructing tumor organoids.
  • To summarize the applications of engineered tumor organoids in cancer research and therapy development.
  • To discuss future opportunities and challenges in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Biomaterial-based strategies for organoid construction.
  • Microfabrication-assisted techniques for engineering TME features.
  • Synthetic biology approaches to enhance organoid functionality.

Main Results:

  • Engineered tumor organoids can incorporate multiple cell types and mimic biophysical/chemical TME traits.
  • These organoids provide more physiologically relevant platforms compared to traditional models.
  • Successful applications demonstrated in basic research, drug screening, and personalized medicine.

Conclusions:

  • Engineered tumor organoids represent a significant advancement in in vitro cancer modeling.
  • They offer improved platforms for understanding cancer biology and developing new therapies.
  • Further development is needed to address challenges and expand their clinical applications.