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Synteny and Evolution

Synteny and Evolution

John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 1, 2025

Live Imaging of Primary Cerebral Cortex Cells Using a 2D Culture System

Live Imaging of Primary Cerebral Cortex Cells Using a 2D Culture System

Published on: August 9, 2017

Human intermediate progenitor diversity during cortical development.

Mark-Phillip Pebworth^1,2, Jayden Ross^1,2, Madeline Andrews^1,2

¹Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|June 22, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Human neural intermediate progenitor cells (nIPCs) show diverse spatial distribution, transcriptomic subtypes, and morphologies during corticogenesis. This study provides an atlas of nIPC subtypes in the developing human cortex.

Keywords:

cortex development human neuronal progenitor

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Last Updated: Nov 1, 2025

Live Imaging of Primary Cerebral Cortex Cells Using a 2D Culture System

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Published on: August 9, 2017

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Author Spotlight: Exploring Cell Migration and Gene Roles in the Developing Brain

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Published on: March 8, 2024

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Biology
Genomics

Background:

Radial glia (RG) studies inform human corticogenesis models.
Neural intermediate progenitor cells (nIPCs) produce many excitatory cortical neurons.
nIPC diversity in the developing human brain is understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

Explore spatiotemporal, transcriptomic, and morphological variation in human nIPCs.
Provide a resource for future studies on nIPC diversity.
Analyze nIPC contributions to human cortical neurogenesis.

Main Methods:

Analysis of spatiotemporal, transcriptomic, and morphological data from developing human brain tissue.
Identification of nIPC subtypes and their characteristics.

Main Results:

nIPC spatial distribution shifts significantly around gestational week 19/20.
Five transcriptomic nIPC subtypes were identified, with one appearing at the spatial transition.
Observed diverse nIPC morphologies not correlating with transcriptomic subtypes.

Conclusions:

Human nIPCs exhibit significant spatiotemporal, transcriptomic, and morphological diversity.
An atlas of nIPC subtypes in the developing human cortex is provided.
Findings can benchmark in vitro models and inform future neurogenesis studies.