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Long-term course of bronchial inflammation and pulmonary function testing in children with postinfectious

Silvija P Jerkic1, Sinem Koc-Günel2, Eva Herrmann3

  • 1Department for Children and Adolescents, Division of Allergy, Pulmonology and Cystic fibrosis, University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany.

Pediatric Pulmonology
|June 22, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PIBO) causes persistent lung obstruction and inflammation in children, despite continued lung growth. This chronic respiratory condition requires ongoing monitoring for long-term respiratory health.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Chronic Lung Disease

Background:

  • Postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PIBO) is a rare, chronic respiratory condition.
  • It develops after severe lower airway infections in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the long-term bronchial inflammation and pulmonary function in children with PIBO.
  • To assess changes in lung function over time in PIBO patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of medical charts from 21 children diagnosed with PIBO.
  • Evaluation of 217 pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and 56 sputum analyses over an 8-year period.
  • Assessed FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC ratio, and neutrophil counts in sputum.

Main Results:

  • Significant decrease in FEV1 (1.07% per year) and FEV1/FVC ratio (1.44% per year) indicating persistent obstruction.
  • Stable FVC in z-score but significant increase in absolute L/cm height, suggesting continued lung growth.
  • Increased neutrophil percentage in sputum (2.12% per year) indicating persistent pulmonary inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • PIBO leads to significant, persistent pulmonary obstruction over an 8-year follow-up.
  • Children with PIBO experience persistent lung inflammation with increasing neutrophils in sputum.
  • Despite obstruction, lung growth continues, and patients do not show increased susceptibility to respiratory infections.
Abstract

Keywords:
body plethysmographychronic inflammationlung functionpostinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans

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