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Quantifying Pediatric Facial Palsy: : Using Digital Image Correlation to Objectively Characterize Pediatric Facial

Brian L Chang¹, Anthony J Wilson², Fares Samra²

¹Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal : Official Publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association

|June 24, 2021

Summary

Digital image correlation (DIC) objectively quantifies pediatric facial symmetry, showing significant differences between facial palsy and control groups. This novel technology aids in comparing treatment outcomes for facial palsy.

Keywords:

Sunnybrook digital image correlation facial asymmetry facial palsy facial symmetry

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Medical Imaging
Pediatric Plastic Surgery

Background:

Facial symmetry is crucial for aesthetics and function.
Objective quantification of pediatric facial symmetry is challenging.
Existing methods like the Sunnybrook scale have limitations in objectivity and inter-rater reliability.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce and evaluate digital image correlation (DIC) as a novel, objective technology for quantifying pediatric facial symmetry.
To compare the efficacy of DIC with the traditional Sunnybrook scale in assessing facial asymmetry.

Main Methods:

A descriptive cohort study was conducted at an academic tertiary care hospital.
Digital Image Correlation (DIC) was employed to measure facial strain and symmetry during standardized facial expressions in pediatric patients with facial palsy and healthy controls.
Facial asymmetry was quantified using both DIC and the Sunnybrook scale, with results compared between groups.

Main Results:

Patients with facial palsy exhibited significantly higher facial asymmetry (32.99%) compared to controls (14.84%) when measured by DIC (P < .01).
The Sunnybrook scale also revealed greater asymmetry in facial palsy patients (24.11%) versus controls (3.87%) (P < .01).
DIC and Sunnybrook scale measurements were positively correlated (P < .01), though Sunnybrook showed significant inter-evaluator variability (P = .02).

Conclusions:

Digital Image Correlation (DIC) provides a novel and objective method for quantifying facial motion and symmetry in the animated pediatric face.
DIC offers a reliable tool for assessing outcomes in pediatric facial palsy, crucial for advancing surgical and medical treatments.
The objective nature of DIC is essential for standardizing assessments and improving patient care in pediatric facial palsy management.