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    Airborne particulate matter (APM) directly interacts with grass pollen, potentially preactivating it. APM extracts can also trigger allergen release, increasing allergy risks, especially in polluted areas.

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    Area of Science:

    • Environmental Science
    • Allergenicity Research
    • Aerosol Science

    Background:

    • Airborne particulate matter (APM) is ubiquitous in various environments.
    • Pollen is a major allergen, and its interaction with environmental pollutants is of significant concern.
    • Understanding these interactions is crucial for public health, particularly for individuals with allergies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the direct interaction between pollen and APM.
    • To examine the effects of APM extracts on grass pollen (Dactylis glomerata).
    • To elucidate the mechanisms behind APM-induced allergen release.

    Main Methods:

    • Scanning and transmission electron microscopy for structural analysis.
    • Immunoblot techniques to determine protein content and allergen release.
    • Analysis of pollen-grass pollen interactions with APM and its extracts.

    Main Results:

    • Direct in situ interaction observed between pollen surfaces and APM.
    • Morphological evidence suggests preactivation of pollen by organic APM extracts.
    • Aqueous APM extracts induce the release of allergens with altered antigenicity.

    Conclusions:

    • Substances adsorbed to APM initiate and mediate the generation and release of allergenic aerosols.
    • APM plays a significant role in enhancing pollen allergenicity, especially in industrialized and high-traffic areas.
    • This interaction poses an increased risk for allergic individuals.