In situ interfacial architecture of lithium vanadate-based cathode for printable lithium batteries

Most Li₃VO₄ anodes are obtained by pre-architecture methods in which Li₃VO₄ anode materials are prepared with more than six key processes including high-temperature annealing and long preparation time. Herein, we propose an in situ post-architecture strategy including Li₃VO₄-precursor solution (ink) preparation and then annealing at 250°C. The integrated Li₃VO₄ based electrode not only possesses good electrical conductivity and porous microstructure but also has superior stability because of Cu anchoring and inclusion by in situ catalysis. The integrated electrode demonstrates a high reversible capacity (865 mA h g^-1 at 0.2 A g^-1) and good cyclability (100% capacity retention after 200 cycles at 1 A g^-1). More importantly, the post-architecture electrode has a high energy density of 773.8 Wh kg^-1, much higher than reported Li₃VO₄-based materials, as well as most cathodes. Therefore, the electrode could be used to the printable cathode of low-voltage high-energy-density lithium batteries.