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A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
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Phase-induced topological superconductivity in a planar heterostructure.

Omri Lesser1, Andrew Saydjari2, Marie Wesson3

  • 1Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|June 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Researchers propose a new semiconductor-superheterostructure platform to achieve topological superconductivity without magnetic fields. This method uses phase biasing to break time-reversal symmetry, enabling robust Majorana zero modes for quantum computing.

Keywords:
Majorana zero modestopological phases of mattertopological superconductivity

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Computing
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Topological superconductivity in quasi-one-dimensional systems is a promising but experimentally challenging frontier.
  • Existing experimental approaches often suffer from ambiguities due to magnetic field side effects.
  • A definitive experimental signature for topological superconductivity remains elusive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel platform for realizing topological superconductivity without external magnetic fields.
  • To circumvent the experimental challenges associated with magnetic field application.
  • To provide an accessible scheme for detecting Majorana zero modes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a planar semiconductor-superconductor heterostructure.
  • Breaking time-reversal symmetry via phase biasing of proximitizing superconductors.
  • Employing interference between phase biasing and spin-orbit coupling in electron trajectories.
  • Analytical modeling and numerical simulations for device validation.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of a magnetic-field-free platform for topological superconductivity.
  • Identification of a robust topological phase diagram.
  • Explicit visualization of Majorana zero mode wavefunctions.
  • Confirmation of the scheme's feasibility with contemporary experimental techniques.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed heterostructure offers a viable pathway to realizing topological superconductivity.
  • This approach mitigates key experimental ambiguities, paving the way for definitive detection of Majorana modes.
  • The scheme is experimentally accessible, accelerating progress in topological quantum computation.