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Related Concept Videos

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

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Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
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Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
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Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
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Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

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Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
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Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

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Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...
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Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

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Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 31, 2025

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2
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SARS-CoV-2 and the kidney.

Thomas Titus1, Atifur Rahman2

  • 1MBBS, MD, MRCP,@ D.Phil, FRACP, Senior Staff Specialist, Gold Coast University Hospital, Qld; Adjunct Associate Professor, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Qld.

Australian Journal of General Practice
|June 30, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus targets the kidneys, causing COVID-19 renal disease. This condition, including acute kidney injury, is linked to poorer patient outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in December 2019.
  • The kidney is identified as a target organ for SARS-CoV-2.
  • The virus impacts renal endothelium, podocytes, and tubular epithelial cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding of COVID-19 renal disease.
  • To provide a primary care perspective on SARS-CoV-2's effects on the kidneys.
  • To acknowledge the evolving nature of COVID-19 research.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research.
  • Analysis of clinical presentations and outcomes.
  • Focus on primary care implications.

Main Results:

  • COVID-19 affects renal structures including endothelium, podocytes, and tubular cells.
  • Clinical manifestations range from proteinuria and hematuria to severe acute kidney injury (AKI).
  • Renal dysfunction in COVID-19 patients portends a worse prognosis.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 poses significant risks to kidney health.
  • AKI and worsening chronic kidney disease are serious complications.
  • Early recognition and management are crucial in primary care settings.