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Related Concept Videos

Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
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Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

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Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
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Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

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Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
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Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Updated: Oct 31, 2025

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

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A porous supramolecular ionic solid.

Nathan Jackson1, Irma Rocio Vazquez, Ying-Pin Chen

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87106, USA.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|June 30, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new method to create porous materials using charged coordination cages. This novel supramolecular ionic solid exhibits significant piezoelectric properties, surpassing those of wurtzite zinc oxide.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Developing advanced porous materials with tailored properties is crucial for various applications.
  • Coordination cages offer unique structural and functional possibilities.
  • Integrating discrete molecular units into extended frameworks remains a synthetic challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel synthetic strategy for constructing extended porous materials from discrete coordination cages.
  • To investigate the self-assembly of oppositely charged coordination cages into supramolecular ionic solids.
  • To characterize the structural, electronic, and piezoelectric properties of the resulting material.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing oppositely charged coordination cages as building blocks.
  • Employing electrostatic interactions for directed self-assembly into extended porous structures.
  • Characterizing the material's porosity, non-centrosymmetry, and piezoelectric response using techniques like X-ray diffraction and piezoelectric measurements.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized a porous supramolecular ionic solid by integrating discrete coordination cages.
  • The material exhibits multidirectional electrostatic forces between cages, leading to a stable porous network.
  • The non-centrosymmetric material demonstrates a notable piezoelectric coefficient of 8.19 pC N-1.
  • The observed piezoelectric performance exceeds that of wurtzite zinc oxide.

Conclusions:

  • The reported synthetic strategy enables the construction of advanced porous materials with tunable properties.
  • The resulting supramolecular ionic solid possesses significant piezoelectricity, opening avenues for novel electronic devices.
  • This work highlights the potential of using discrete coordination cages for designing functional porous materials.