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Conventional and Nanotechnology-Based Sensing Methods for SARS Coronavirus (2019-nCoV)
Nagaraj P Shetti1, Amit Mishra2, Shikandar D Bukkitgar1
1Center for Electrochemical Science and Materials, Department of Chemistry, K.L.E. Institute of Technology, Hubballi 580 027, Karnataka, India.
ACS Applied Bio Materials
|June 30, 2021
Summary
This review discusses conventional and rapid diagnostic methods for coronavirus disease (COVID-19). It covers RNA, protein, and antibody detection, including emerging nanotechnology-based sensors for accurate virus identification.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Infectious Diseases
- Diagnostic Technologies
Background:
- The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), has led to a global health crisis with millions of infections and deaths.
- While vaccine development is ongoing, current control measures rely heavily on testing, isolation, and social distancing to manage transmission.
- Accurate and timely diagnosis is crucial for identifying infected individuals and preventing further spread.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and discuss conventional, rapid, and emerging diagnostic methods for 2019-nCoV detection.
- To provide an overview of different testing strategies targeting viral RNA, proteins, and host antibodies.
- To highlight advancements in nanotechnology-based sensors for improved viral diagnostics.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of established and novel diagnostic techniques for 2019-nCoV.
- Discussion of methods based on detecting viral RNA (e.g., PCR).
- Exploration of assays targeting viral spike proteins and host immune responses (IgG, IgM antibodies), including neutralization assays and nanotechnology-based sensors.
Main Results:
- Various testing methods have been developed, including RNA-targeted PCR, antibody detection assays (IgG, IgM), and VSV pseudovirus neutralization assays.
- Rapid and efficient diagnostic techniques are essential for managing the pandemic.
- Nanotechnology-based sensors represent a promising area for future development in virus detection.
Conclusions:
- A range of diagnostic approaches, from conventional to advanced, are available for 2019-nCoV.
- The development of fast, sensitive, and specific tests is critical for pandemic control.
- Emerging technologies like nanotechnology offer potential for enhanced diagnostic capabilities.
