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The Relationship Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Pediatric Obesity: A Nationwide Analysis

Kevin Bachrach1, David O'Neil Danis1, Michael B Cohen1,2,3

  • 1Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.

The Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology
|July 1, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Childhood obesity is strongly linked to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), increasing the risk by over 22 times. Specific racial and ethnic groups face higher risks, highlighting the need for targeted interventions.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Health
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Untreated pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) presents significant acute and chronic health risks.
  • Childhood obesity is a growing concern with potential links to various health conditions.
  • Understanding the interplay of obesity, race, gender, and socioeconomic status in pediatric OSA is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the nationwide association between childhood obesity and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
  • To determine if race, gender, and socioeconomic status modify the risk of pediatric OSA.
  • To analyze the independent association of obesity with pediatric OSA after accounting for other factors.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the 2016 Kids' Inpatient Database (KID) for nationwide inpatient discharge data.
  • Employed International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) codes for obesity (E66.0) and OSA (G47.33).
  • Applied multiple binary logistic regression to calculate prevalence rates and odds ratios (ORs) for associations.

Main Results:

  • Obesity was independently associated with a significantly increased risk of OSA in children (OR = 22.89).
  • Obesity in the OSA inpatient population was linked to non-Hispanic black race, Hispanic ethnicity, and Native American race/ethnicity.
  • Specific racial and ethnic groups demonstrated elevated odds of obesity within the OSA cohort.

Conclusions:

  • Childhood obesity is a significant independent risk factor for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
  • Non-Hispanic black and Hispanic populations exhibit independent risk factors for OSA, with obesity potentially mediating this increased risk.
  • Findings underscore the importance of addressing obesity in pediatric OSA prevention and management, particularly in at-risk racial and ethnic groups.
Abstract

Keywords:
OSA riskkids’ inpatient databasenationwide databaseobesitypediatric obesitypediatric obstructive sleep apnea

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