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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System III: Serum Lipid Profile01:25

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Understanding serum lipids is crucial for maintaining cardiovascular health and preventing heart disease and stroke.
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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
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Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
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Isolation and Analysis of Plasma Lipoproteins by Ultracentrifugation
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Lipoprotein(a).

Florian Kronenberg1

  • 1Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria. Florian.Kronenberg@i-med.ac.at.

Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology
|July 1, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a genetically determined cardiovascular risk factor. New RNA-targeting therapies show promise in lowering Lp(a) and potentially reducing cardiovascular events.

Keywords:
Apolipoprotein(a)Association studyCardiovascular diseaseCopy number variationLipoprotein(a)Lp(a)Mendelian randomizationTherapy

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Enrichment of Native Lipoprotein Particles with microRNA and Subsequent Determination of Their Absolute/Relative microRNA Content and Their Cellular Transfer Rate
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Enrichment of Native Lipoprotein Particles with microRNA and Subsequent Determination of Their Absolute/Relative microRNA Content and Their Cellular Transfer Rate
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Genetics
  • Lipid Metabolism
  • Pharmacogenomics

Background:

  • Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a genetically determined atherogenic lipoprotein.
  • High Lp(a) levels (>50 mg/dL) significantly increase cardiovascular disease risk.
  • Lp(a) concentrations are primarily regulated by the LPA gene, showing wide interindividual variability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of Lp(a) as a cardiovascular risk factor.
  • To discuss current and emerging therapeutic strategies targeting Lp(a).
  • To highlight the significance of Mendelian randomization studies in establishing Lp(a)'s causal role.

Main Methods:

  • Review of genetic studies, including Mendelian randomization, on Lp(a) and cardiovascular risk.
  • Analysis of existing therapies (PCSK9 inhibitors, lipoprotein apheresis) and their impact on Lp(a).
  • Examination of novel RNA-targeting therapies (ASO, siRNA) for Lp(a) reduction.

Main Results:

  • Lp(a) levels are highly heritable, with genetic variants strongly associated with cardiovascular events.
  • PCSK9 inhibitors and lipoprotein apheresis reduce Lp(a) by 25-70%, with evidence suggesting cardiovascular benefit.
  • Emerging RNA-based therapies can lower Lp(a) by up to 90%.

Conclusions:

  • Lp(a) is a significant, genetically driven risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
  • Targeting Lp(a) represents a promising therapeutic avenue.
  • Novel RNA-therapies offer a specific approach to lower Lp(a) and may reduce cardiovascular events.