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Digital Filtering Techniques for Performance Improvement of Golay Coded TDM-FBG Sensor.

Mohamed M Elgaud1,2, Mohd Saiful Dzulkefly Zan1, Abdulfatah A G Abushagur1,3

  • 1Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.

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Summary

Digital filters like moving median significantly improve signal quality and reduce noise in Golay complementary pair (GCP) coded time-domain multiplexed fiber Bragg grating sensors (TDM-FBGs). This enhances sensor performance and allows for faster measurements.

Keywords:
Golay codesSavitzky–GolayTDM-FBGfiber Bragg gratingsmoving averagemoving mediansignal to noise ratio

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Area of Science:

  • Fiber optic sensing
  • Signal processing
  • Photonics

Background:

  • Golay complementary pairs (GCP) enhance time-domain multiplexed fiber Bragg grating sensors (TDM-FBGs).
  • Unipolar GCP in TDM-FBGs face limitations: poor signal-to-noise ratio improvement, noisy backgrounds, and signal distortion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and implement digital filtering techniques for TDM-FBG sensors.
  • To mitigate performance flaws associated with unipolar Golay coded TDM-FBGs.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of different filters in enhancing sensor performance.

Main Methods:

  • Experimentally implemented moving average (MA), Savitzky-Golay (SG), and moving median (MM) filters.
  • Processed signals from two low reflectance FBG sensors after 16 km of fiber.
  • Analyzed Golay codes ranging from 4 to 256 bits.

Main Results:

  • A signal-to-noise improvement of approximately 8.8 dB was achieved with a 256-bit Golay code.
  • MA, MM, and SG filters individually increased SNIR by approximately 4 dB, 3.5 dB, and 3 dB, respectively.
  • Filtering techniques enabled at least a fourfold increase in measurement speed (equivalent to 3 dB SNIR).

Conclusions:

  • Moving median filters demonstrated superior performance in signal shape and transition time.
  • MM filters maintained high spatial resolution and offered comparable SNIR improvements.
  • Digital filtering is crucial for overcoming limitations in unipolar Golay coded TDM-FBG sensors.