Microwave Non-Destructive Testing for Delamination Detection in Layered Composite Pipelines

Microwave imaging and defectoscopy are promising techniques for dielectric composite evaluation. Their most significant advantage is their relatively high penetration depth. Another feature worth noting is that traditional methods could not acquire an internal content with such a low impact on both the sample and surrounding environment, including the test operator, compared to other techniques. This paper presents microwave non-destructive and noninvasive methods for quality evaluation of layered composite materials using an open-ended waveguide probe. Pure |S₁₁| parameters only exceptionally give a clear answer about the location of material cracks. Therefore, this makes it necessary to analyze these parameters simultaneously along with several other factors, such as stand-off distance, probe type or wave polarization. The purpose of the work was to find the dependency between the physical state of a layered composite powerplant pipeline and the S-matrix parameters response (reflection and transmission parameters) in a Ku frequency band that has not yet been extensively researched. Lower-frequency measurements broaden the application possibility for thicker composites, mainly because of a higher penetration depth and measurement setup availability. Different methods have been shown, including reflection and transmission/reflection methods, both in close proximity and in stand-off distance. The measurements are based on a low-complexity experimental setup.