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A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and...
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Members Made of Elastoplastic Material01:19

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The behavior of elastoplastic materials under bending stresses, particularly in structural members with rectangular cross-sections, is crucial for predicting material responses and understanding failure modes. Initially, when a bending moment is applied, the stress distribution across the section follows Hooke's Law and is linear and elastic. This distribution means the stress increases from the neutral axis to the maximum at the outer fibers, up to the elastic limit.
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In the study of elastoplastic members subjected to bending moments, understanding the loading and unloading phases is crucial for assessing material behavior and structural integrity. During the loading phase, as the bending moment increases, the material initially responds elastically, adhering to Hooke's Law, where stress is directly proportional to strain. When the load exceeds the yield strength, plastic deformation occurs, resulting in permanent strain and deformation that remains even...
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Poisson's ratio is a material property that indicates their stress response. It explains the connection between the elongation or compression a material undergoes in the direction of an applied force and the contraction or expansion it experiences perpendicular to that force. When a slender bar is loaded axially, it stretches in the direction of the force and contracts laterally. Poisson's ratio is the negative ratio of this lateral contraction to the axial elongation. The negative sign...
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Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
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Upon subjecting concrete to moderate or high uniaxial compressive or tensile stresses, the strain response is non-linear relative to the stress applied. As the stress is removed, the resulting stress-strain curve deviates from the original path traced during loading, creating a hysteresis loop, indicative of the concrete's non-linear and non-elastic properties. Typically, a material's modulus of elasticity, which is a measure of the material's stiffness, is inferred from the linear...
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Stress Relaxation Behaviour Modeling in Rigid Polyurethane (PU) Elastomeric Materials.

Paweł Zielonka1, Krzysztof Junik2, Szymon Duda1

  • 1Department of Mechanics, Materials Science and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study investigated the stress relaxation of rigid polyurethane (PUR) elastomers. A modified Kelvin-Voigt model accurately described the material

Keywords:
elastomersexperimental analysispolyurethanerelaxation

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Polyurethane (PU) is versatile due to tunable properties like mechanical strength and flexibility.
  • Increasing demand for advanced materials drives interest in functional polyurethanes.
  • Rigid polyurethane (PUR) elastomers offer unique characteristics for specialized applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the rheological behavior of rigid polyurethane (PUR) elastomers.
  • To investigate stress relaxation under varying strain conditions.
  • To propose and validate a modified Kelvin-Voigt model for describing PUR stress relaxation.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental examination of stress relaxation in PUR elastomers.
  • Application of varying specified strains (50% to 100%).
  • Utilizing a modified Kelvin-Voigt model for theoretical description.

Main Results:

  • The rheological behavior of PUR elastomers was successfully characterized.
  • Stress relaxation was observed and analyzed across different strain levels.
  • The proposed modified Kelvin-Voigt model demonstrated effective validation for describing the observed phenomena.

Conclusions:

  • The modified Kelvin-Voigt model provides an accurate description of stress relaxation in rigid polyurethane (PUR) elastomers.
  • The findings support the use of this model for predicting PUR elastomer behavior under deformation.
  • This research contributes to understanding and optimizing the performance of functional polyurethanes.