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Related Concept Videos

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
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Preparation of Alkynes: Alkylation Reaction02:27

Preparation of Alkynes: Alkylation Reaction

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Introduction
Alkylation of terminal alkynes with primary alkyl halides in the presence of a strong base like sodium amide is one of the common methods for the synthesis of longer carbon-chain alkynes. For example, treatment of 1-propyne with sodium amide followed by reaction with ethyl bromide yields 2-pentyne.
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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
3.6K
Alkynes to Aldehydes and Ketones: Hydroboration-Oxidation02:47

Alkynes to Aldehydes and Ketones: Hydroboration-Oxidation

19.4K
Introduction
One of the convenient methods for the preparation of aldehydes and ketones is via hydration of alkynes. Hydroboration-oxidation of alkynes is an indirect hydration reaction in which an alkyne is treated with borane followed by oxidation with alkaline peroxide to form an enol that rapidly converts into an aldehyde or a ketone. Terminal alkynes form aldehydes, whereas internal alkynes give ketones as the final product.
19.4K
Alkynes to Carboxylic Acids: Oxidative Cleavage02:01

Alkynes to Carboxylic Acids: Oxidative Cleavage

5.9K
Alkynes undergo oxidative cleavage in the presence of oxidizing reagents like potassium permanganate and ozone. The triple bond — one σ bond and two π bonds — is completely cleaved, and the alkyne is oxidized to carboxylic acids. When warm and basic aqueous potassium permanganate is used as an oxidizing agent, alkynes are first converted to carboxylate salts via an unstable α-diketone intermediate. Further, a mild acid treatment protonates the carboxylate anions...
5.9K
Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

12.9K
Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
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Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes
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Recyclable Catalysts for Alkyne Functionalization.

Leslie Trigoura1,2, Yalan Xing1, Bhanu P S Chauhan2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, William Paterson University of New Jersey, 300 Pompton Road, Wayne, NJ 07470, USA.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review assesses recyclable catalysts for alkyne functionalization, highlighting green chemistry approaches. It covers various catalyst types and their efficiency in promoting these important organic reactions.

Keywords:
alkyne functionalizationcatalyst modulationcoupling reactionsgreen catalystsnanoscale catalystsnanosystems

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Facile Preparation of 2Z,4E-Dienamides by the Olefination of Electron-deficient Alkenes with Allyl Acetate
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Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Catalysis Science

Background:

  • Alkyne functionalization is crucial in organic synthesis.
  • Developing efficient and recyclable catalysts is a key goal in green chemistry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in alkyne functionalization using recyclable catalysts.
  • To classify and assess the activity and selectivity of various recyclable catalytic systems.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of alkyne functionalization reactions.
  • Classification of recyclable catalysts including nanoparticle-based, supported, MOF, POP, and biomaterial catalysts.
  • Analysis of metal/solvent-free recyclable systems.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated success and efficiency of diverse recyclable catalysts in alkyne functionalization.
  • Highlighted activity and selectivity of systems like polysiloxane-encapsulated nanoparticles, silica-copper, graphitic carbon-supported, MOF, and POP catalysts.
  • Showcased metal/solvent-free recyclable catalysts.

Conclusions:

  • Recyclable catalysts offer a green and efficient approach to alkyne functionalization.
  • These catalysts combine benefits of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, enabling catalyst modulation and recycling.
  • The review provides foundational knowledge for utilizing green catalysts in alkyne chemistry.