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Conflicts with Wolves Can Originate from Their Parent Packs.

Diederik van Liere¹, Nataša Siard², Pim Martens³

¹Institute for Coexistence with Wildlife, Heuvelweg 7, 7218 BD Almen, The Netherlands.

Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI

|July 2, 2021

Summary

Wolf parent packs (PPs) significantly influence young loner wolves' behavior, including livestock predation and human conflict. Early life experiences in the PP shape these behaviors, but negative reinforcement can prevent problematic actions.

Keywords:

bold wolves depredation deterrence early-life experiences human–animal conflict learning migrating wolves sheep killing wolf behavior

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Area of Science:

Ecology
Behavioral Biology
Conservation Genetics

Background:

Wolf populations are recovering in Europe, leading to increased human-wolf interactions.
Young migrating wolves (loners) can cause human-wolf conflicts by preying on livestock or entering human environments.
Parent pack (PP) experience may influence loner wolf behavior and conflict potential.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if the behavior of young migrating wolves (loners) resembles that of their parent packs (PPs).
To determine if early life experiences within the PP contribute to livestock depredation and human proximity in loner wolves.
To identify potential strategies for mitigating human-wolf conflict.

Main Methods:

DNA identification linked 14 loner wolves in the Netherlands to their German PPs.
Assessed individual loner and PP behaviors using structured Google searches during the loner's rearing period.
Analyzed behavioral similarities between loners and their respective PPs.

Main Results:

Significant behavioral similarity (p=0.022) was found between loners and their PPs in 10 out of 14 cases.
Loners exhibiting problematic behaviors (sheep killing, human proximity) mirrored their PP's behavior.
Sibling loners displayed similar behavioral patterns.

Conclusions:

Early-life experiences within the parent pack significantly shape loner wolf behavior, including livestock depredation and human habituation.
Problematic behaviors can be mitigated through negative reinforcement and preventative strategies.
Understanding PP influence is crucial for managing future human-wolf coexistence.