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Updated: Oct 30, 2025
Electronic Tongue Generating Continuous Recognition Patterns for Protein Analysis
Published on: September 16, 2014
A Pencil-Drawn Electronic Tongue for Environmental Applications
Dmitry Kirsanov1,2, Subhankar Mukherjee3, Souvik Pal3
1Institute of Chemistry, Mendeleev Center, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, St Petersburg 199034, Russia.
Abstract:
We report on the development of a simple and cost-effective potentiometric sensor array that is based on manual "drawing" on the polymeric support with the pencils composed of graphite and different types of zeolites. The sensor array demonstrates distinct sensitivity towards a variety of inorganic ions in aqueous media. This multisensor system has been successfully applied to quantitative analysis of 100 real-life surface waters sampled in Mahananda and Hooghly rivers in the West Bengal state (India). Partial least squares regression has been utilized to relate responses of the sensors to the values of different water quality parameters. It has been found that the developed sensor array, or electronic tongue, is capable of quantifying total hardness, total alkalinity, and calcium content in the samples, with the mean relative errors below 18%.
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