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Related Concept Videos

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Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
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COPD is defined as a heterogeneous lung condition marked by persistent respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and sputum production, caused by abnormalities in the airways that cause airflow obstruction.
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Author Spotlight: Traditional Chinese Medicine for Sleep Disorders in Acute COPD — A Safe, Cost-Effective Approach
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Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Disease.

Joseph A Diamond1, Haisam Ismail1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Long Island Jewish Hospital, Northwell Health, 270-05 76th Avenue Room 2008, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, USA.

Clinics in Geriatric Medicine
|July 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) involves airway obstruction during sleep, leading to serious cardiovascular issues like hypertension and heart failure. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy is the primary treatment, effectively managing these risks.

Keywords:
Atrial fibrillationHypertensionNondipperObstructive sleep apneaPolysomnographyPremature ventricular contractionsVentricular tachycardia

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pulmonology
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by repeated upper airway obstructions during sleep, causing significant respiratory effort.
  • Intermittent hypoxia in OSA triggers detrimental physiological changes, including elevated catecholamines, peripheral resistance, heart rate, and cardiac output.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the physiological consequences of obstructive sleep apnea.
  • To highlight diagnostic methods and treatment for OSA.

Main Methods:

  • Review of physiological changes associated with OSA.
  • Discussion of diagnostic criteria and treatment modalities.

Main Results:

  • OSA is linked to hypertension, tachyarrhythmias, left ventricular hypertrophy, and heart failure.
  • Abnormal nocturnal blood pressure dipping is a characteristic finding in OSA patients.
  • Polysomnography is the definitive diagnostic tool for OSA.

Conclusions:

  • Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the recommended first-line treatment for OSA.
  • Effective CPAP treatment reduces blood pressure and is crucial for managing associated cardiovascular conditions, including atrial fibrillation.