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Related Concept Videos

Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

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Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...
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Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

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Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
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Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation01:13

Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation

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Insufficient sleep refers to not getting the recommended amount of sleep for optimal functioning, even if it's just slightly less than needed. Sleep insufficiency may occur due to lifestyle choices, such as staying up late for social events or work, resulting in routinely getting less sleep than required. For example, consistently sleeping 6 hours when the body needs 7-9 hours can lead to cumulative effects on health and well-being.
Sleep deprivation is a more severe form of sleep loss...
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Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

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Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
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Other Pulmonary Disorders01:17

Other Pulmonary Disorders

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Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease01:22

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

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COPD is defined as a heterogeneous lung condition marked by persistent respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and sputum production, caused by abnormalities in the airways that cause airflow obstruction.
Smoking is a primary risk factor for COPD, with over 80% of patients having a history of it. Patients typically experience progressive dyspnea or labored breathing, frequent coughing, and recurrent pulmonary infections. Many eventually succumb to respiratory failure, characterized by...
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Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
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Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Cognitive Outcomes.

Arpan Patel1, Derek J Chong2

  • 1Department of Neurology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Northwell Health, 300 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.

Clinics in Geriatric Medicine
|July 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is strongly linked to cognitive dysfunction, impacting executive function and memory. Early screening and continuous positive airway pressure treatment may improve cognitive outcomes in OSA patients.

Keywords:
Beta-amyloidCPAPCognitive dysfunctionDementiaHypoxemiaOSAReversible cognitive symptomsSleep-disordered breathing

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is increasingly recognized for its association with cognitive impairment.
  • The specific cognitive domains affected by OSA require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and cognitive dysfunction.
  • To identify potential pathophysiological mechanisms linking OSA and cognitive decline.
  • To recommend clinical screening and management strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on OSA and cognitive function.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the impact of OSA on various cognitive domains.
  • Examination of proposed pathophysiological pathways.

Main Results:

  • OSA is strongly associated with deficits in executive function, attention, long-term memory (verbal/visual), visuospatial/constructional abilities, and information processing.
  • Language, psychomotor function, and short-term memory are less frequently affected.
  • Pathogenesis may involve amyloid-beta accumulation, episodic hypoxemia, oxidative stress, vascular inflammation, and comorbidities.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive screening is recommended for patients with OSA, and OSA testing for patients with cognitive decline.
  • Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy may offer benefits for cognitive symptoms in OSA patients.