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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Function Tests01:25

Pulmonary Function Tests

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Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
Pulmonary Function Tests are crucial diagnostic tools for assessing respiratory function, particularly in patients with chronic respiratory disorders. They comprehensively evaluate lung volumes, ventilatory function, breathing mechanics, diffusion, and gas exchange. These tests help diagnose pulmonary diseases and play a significant role in monitoring disease progression, evaluating disability, and assessing response to therapy.
PFTs involve using a spirometer, a...
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Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

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Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
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Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan01:13

Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan

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Radiological investigations are paramount in the diagnosis and management of various pulmonary diseases. Two essential investigations are the Pulmonary Angiogram and the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan.
Pulmonary Angiogram
A Pulmonary Angiogram is an invasive procedure involving injecting a contrast medium through a catheter threaded into the pulmonary artery or the right side of the heart to visualize the pulmonary vasculature. Computed Tomography (CT) scans have mainly replaced this...
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Assessment of Respiration01:23

Assessment of Respiration

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The respiratory system's basic structures and primary functions lay the foundation for nurses' comprehensive respiratory assessments. This assessment includes subjective and objective data to gauge the patient's respiratory health.
Subjective Assessment: Nurses interview the patient to gather information directly during the subjective assessment. It includes questions about the individual's medical history, medications, and symptoms, focusing on past respiratory conditions like...
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Cardiomyopathy VII: Pre and Post Operative Nursing Management01:28

Cardiomyopathy VII: Pre and Post Operative Nursing Management

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Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction who remain symptomatic despite optimal medical therapy may undergo a septal myectomy (Morrow procedure). This procedure involves excising a portion of the hypertrophied septum below the aortic valve using a heart-lung machine to improve blood flow through the LVOT. Effective preoperative and postoperative nursing management ensures successful patient outcomes, minimizes complications, and...
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Respiratory Assessment: Purpose and Indications01:19

Respiratory Assessment: Purpose and Indications

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Respiratory assessment is a cornerstone of nursing assessments, crucial for the early detection of patient deterioration. This evaluation transcends routine procedures, representing a critical skill nurses must master to ensure optimal patient care.
Objectives and Importance:
The primary goal of respiratory assessment is to evaluate patients at early risk of clinical deterioration. Since respiratory distress often precedes other signs of declining health, breathing patterns and sounds become a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 30, 2025

Home-Based Prescribed Pulmonary Exercise in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
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Preoperative Pulmonary Risk Assessment.

Muhammad Sameed1, Humberto Choi2,3, Moises Auron3,4

  • 1Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio. sameedm2@ccf.org.

Respiratory Care
|July 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Preventing postoperative pulmonary complications involves preoperative risk assessment and optimization, intraoperative lung-protective strategies, and early postoperative recovery interventions. These measures reduce patient morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs.

Keywords:
postoperative pulmonary complicationspreoperative risk assessmentrespiratory failuresurgery

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Pulmonology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) significantly increase patient morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenses.
  • Surgical stress and anesthesia induce physiological respiratory changes, elevating the risk of PPCs.
  • A structured approach is crucial for identifying patient, procedure, and anesthesia-related risk factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline a comprehensive strategy for identifying and mitigating risks associated with postoperative pulmonary complications.
  • To emphasize the importance of preoperative evaluation, intraoperative management, and postoperative care in preventing PPCs.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing validated risk prediction models for patient stratification.
  • Implementing preoperative optimization strategies, including managing comorbidities and smoking cessation.
  • Applying intraoperative lung-protective ventilation and conservative medication use.
  • Focusing on postoperative interventions like early mobilization and physiotherapy.

Main Results:

  • Preoperative assessment and optimization are key to identifying and managing patient risks.
  • Intraoperative lung-protective ventilation and judicious use of neuromuscular blockers reduce complication incidence.
  • Postoperative interventions accelerate recovery and mitigate pulmonary risks.

Conclusions:

  • A multidisciplinary approach combining preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative strategies is essential for minimizing PPCs.
  • Risk stratification and targeted interventions improve patient outcomes and reduce healthcare costs.
  • Early mobilization, physiotherapy, and inspiratory muscle training are vital for high-risk patients.