Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 29, 2025
Fluorescent Visualization of Mango-tagged RNA in Polyacrylamide Gels via a Poststaining Method
Published on: June 21, 2019
Trapping Rhodamine B dye using functionalized mango (Mangifera indica) pod
Olugbenga S Bello1,2,3,4, Kayode A Adegoke1,2,3,5, Adejumoke A Inyinbor4
1LAUTECH SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation Research Group).
Abstract:
The use of acid-modified mango pod (AMMP) sorbent for removing Rhodamine B (Rh-B) dye from aqueous media was investigated. Raw mango pod (RMP) and AMMP sorbents were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), powdered X-ray diffractogram (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), point of zero charge pH (pHpzc ), and Boehm titration (BT) techniques. Batch adsorption was employed to examine the influence of operational factors. Sorption kinetic parameters were calculated using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich, and intraparticle diffusion models. The pseudo-second-order model best fitted the adsorption kinetic data most with maximum correlation coefficient (R2 > 0.99). The process of the adsorption was controlled by both boundary layer and intraparticle diffusion mechanisms. Four isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Temkin) were utilized to analyze the equilibrium data at various temperatures. Freundlich model gave the best fit with the maximum regression (0.99), while the Langmuir isotherm model established a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 500 mg g-1 . Thermodynamic parameters studied revealed that the interaction is spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The cost analysis of the current study provides convincing proof that AMMP is efficient for removing Rh-B dye from solution by providing a saving of 225.2 USD/kg, which is eight times cheaper than commercial activated carbon. Consequently, the study revealed that AMMP is a viable, effective, and sustainable sorbent for Rhodamine B dye removal. PRACTITIONER POINTS: The powdered X-ray diffractogram (PXRD) showed the formation of new and intense peaks with the presence of highly organized crystalline structures on acid-modified mango pod (AMMP). Surface morphology of AMMP showed well-developed open surface pores required for effective adsorption of Rh B dye molecules. Economic feasibility of the present study showed that AMMP is more affordable than commercial activated carbon that costs USD 259.5/kg, thus translated to a saving cost of USD 225.2/kg and more than 7.5 times cheaper than the commercial activated carbon (CAC).
Insights
Acid-modified mango pod (AMMP) effectively removes Rhodamine B dye from water. This sustainable sorbent is significantly more cost-effective than commercial activated carbon, offering a practical solution for dye remediation.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Environmental Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering
Background:
- Rhodamine B (Rh-B) dye poses environmental challenges in aqueous media.
- Effective and sustainable sorbent materials are needed for dye removal.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the efficacy of acid-modified mango pod (AMMP) as a sorbent for Rhodamine B (Rh-B) dye removal.
- To characterize AMMP and evaluate its adsorption performance and economic viability.
Main Methods:
- Characterization of raw mango pod (RMP) and AMMP using SEM, EDX, PXRD, FTIR, pHpzc, and BT.
- Batch adsorption experiments to study operational factors and kinetics.
- Analysis of adsorption equilibrium using isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, DR, Temkin).
- Thermodynamic analysis and cost-effectiveness evaluation.
Main Results:
- AMMP exhibited well-developed surface pores suitable for dye adsorption.
- The pseudo-second-order kinetic model best described the adsorption process (R² > 0.99).
- The Freundlich isotherm model provided the best fit for equilibrium data, with a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 500 mg/g (Langmuir model).
- Adsorption is spontaneous and endothermic.
- AMMP is over 7.5 times cheaper than commercial activated carbon, saving USD 225.2/kg.
Conclusions:
- Acid-modified mango pod (AMMP) is a highly effective, sustainable, and economically viable sorbent for Rhodamine B dye removal.
- The study demonstrates a practical application of agricultural waste for environmental remediation.
