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Evaluation of an Electrochemiluminescence Assay for the Rapid Detection of Abrin Toxin
Christine A Pillai1, Gowri Manickam1, Nagarajan Thirunavukkarasu1
1Christine A. Pillai and Gowri Manickam, PhD, are ORISE Fellow Research Scientists; Nagarajan Thirunavukkarasu, PhD, is a Microbiologist; and Shashi Sharma, PhD, is Principal Investigator; all at the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Molecular Methods Development Branch, Division of Microbiology, Office of Regulatory Science, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD. Segaran P. Pillai, PhD, FAAM, SM(NRCM), SM(ASCP), is Director, Office of Laboratory Science and Safety, Office of the Commissioner, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD. Stephen A. Morse, PhD, MSPH, is Senior Advisor, CDC Division of Select Agents and Toxins, IHRC, Inc., Atlanta, GA. Julie R. Avila, MS, is Scientific Associate, Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA. David R. Hodge, PhD, and Kevin Anderson, PhD, are Program Managers; both in the Science and Technology Directorate, US Department of Homeland Security, Washington, DC.
Abstract:
In this article, we detail a comprehensive laboratory evaluation of an immunoassay for the rapid detection of abrin using the Meso Scale Diagnostics Sector PR2 Model 1800. For the assay evaluation, we used inclusivity and exclusivity panels comprised of extracts of 11 Abrus precatorius cultivars and 35 near-neighbor plants, 65 lectins, 26 white powders, 11 closely related toxins and proteins, and a pool of 30 BioWatch filter extracts. The results show that the Meso Scale Diagnostics abrin detection assay exhibits good sensitivity and specificity with a limit of detection of 4 ng/mL. However, the dynamic range of the assay for the quantitation of abrin was limited. We observed a hook effect at higher abrin concentrations, which can lead to potential false negative results. A modification of the assay protocol that incorporates extra wash steps can decrease the hook effect and the potential for false negative results.
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