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Wireless Addressable Cortical Microstimulators Powered by Near-Infrared Harvesting.

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Summary

This study introduces the optical neurograin (ONG), a wireless microstimulator powered by light. It enables precise, remote control of neural circuits, demonstrating a new tool for neuroscience research.

Keywords:
addressabledistributedinfraredmultichannelnetworkingneural stimulatorwireless

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Microsystems Engineering

Background:

  • Patterned microstimulation of neural circuits is crucial for understanding brain function.
  • Existing methods often face limitations in wireless control, power delivery, and addressing individual devices within an ensemble.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a novel, distributed, untethered, and addressable microstimulator system for patterned neural stimulation.
  • To integrate a miniaturized ASIC with a custom photovoltaic energy harvester for wireless operation.

Main Methods:

  • Developed the "optical neurograin" (ONG), integrating an ASIC and a GaAs photovoltaic microscale energy harvester.
  • Utilized a Manchester-encoded near-infrared (IR) downlink for power delivery, clock synchronization, and remote command transmission.
  • Implemented unique device addresses using 7-bit metal fuses for selective activation of individual ONGs.
  • Performed system characterization and proof-of-concept validation in both benchtop experiments and an in vivo rodent model.

Main Results:

  • Successfully demonstrated a wirelessly powered and addressable microstimulator (ONG).
  • Achieved remote triggering of charge-balanced current stimuli to target neural tissue via IR downlink.
  • Established a network capability of up to 128 individually addressable nodes.
  • Validated the system's functionality in a proof-of-concept study on a rat model.

Conclusions:

  • The optical neurograin (ONG) system represents a significant advancement in wireless microstimulation technology.
  • This platform offers a versatile approach for precise, spatially distributed activation of biological circuits.
  • The demonstrated capabilities pave the way for sophisticated neural interface applications.