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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Spectroscopy: Absorption, Emission, and Fluorescence01:23

Atomic Spectroscopy: Absorption, Emission, and Fluorescence

Atomic spectroscopy is a vital tool in elemental analysis, both qualitatively and quantitatively. It can be broadly divided into optical spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and X-ray spectroscopy methods. The optical spectroscopic methods are atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), and atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS). The first step in all three methods is atomization, where the solid, liquid, or solution-phase samples are converted into gas-phase atoms and...
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For AAS measurements, samples must be introduced as clear solutions, often requiring extensive preliminary treatment to dissolve materials like soils, animal tissues, and minerals. Common methods for sample preparation include treatment with hot mineral acids, wet ashing, combustion in closed containers, high-temperature ashing, or fusion with reagents.
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

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Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

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AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
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Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) is an analytical technique that involves the electronic transitions of atoms in a flame, furnace, or plasma being excited by electromagnetic (EM) radiation. When these atoms absorb energy, they become excited and subsequently release energy as they return to their original state. This emitted light, or "fluorescence," is observed at a right angle to the incident beam. Both absorption and emission processes transpire at distinct wavelengths, which are...

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Proton Transfer and Protein Conformation Dynamics in Photosensitive Proteins by Time-resolved Step-scan Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy
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Fast-ion Dα spectroscopy diagnostic at KSTAR.

J W Yoo1, J Kim1, M W Lee1

  • 1Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|July 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new fast-ion Dα (FIDA) system on KSTAR provides core and edge plasma measurements. FIDA radiance correlates with neutron rates, offering insights into plasma behavior during heating and edge-localized modes.

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Area of Science:

  • Plasma Physics
  • Fusion Energy Research
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • The KSTAR tokamak requires advanced diagnostics for plasma characterization.
  • Fast-ion behavior is crucial for understanding fusion plasma dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To install and validate a fast-ion Dα (FIDA) diagnostics system on KSTAR.
  • To enable core and edge plasma measurements using FIDA spectroscopy.
  • To correlate FIDA measurements with other plasma parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Installation of two tangential FIDA arrays covering blue- and redshifted Dα lines.
  • Utilizing a spectral band of 647-662.5 nm to capture Doppler shifts from 100 keV neutral beams.
  • Employing a curved filter strip with a motorized stage to prevent signal saturation.
  • Comparing measured FIDA spectra with FIDASIM modeling code.

Main Results:

  • Quantitative agreement between measured FIDA spectra and FIDASIM modeling.
  • FIDA radiance measurements show good correlation with the neutron rate during external heating.
  • Observed responses in core FIDA radiance synchronized with edge-localized mode (ELM) cycles.

Conclusions:

  • The installed FIDA system is effective for core and edge plasma measurements on KSTAR.
  • FIDA measurements provide a reliable proxy for neutron rates and plasma behavior.
  • FIDA diagnostics can monitor fast-ion dynamics during plasma instabilities like ELMs.