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X-ray Imaging

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...

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X-ray Beam Induced Current Measurements for Multi-Modal X-ray Microscopy of Solar Cells

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Published on: August 20, 2019

Billion-pixel x-ray camera (BiPC-X).

Zhehui Wang¹, Kaitlin Anagnost², Cris W Barnes¹

¹Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.

The Review of Scientific Instruments

|July 10, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Advancements in quantum efficiency and reduced noise in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) sensors enable new billion-pixel x-ray cameras (BiPC-X). These cameras offer high sensitivity and resolution for various scientific applications.

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Area of Science:

X-ray imaging technology
Solid-state physics
Materials science

Background:

Commercial complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) imaging sensors have seen significant improvements in quantum efficiency (>90%), noise reduction (<1 electron/pixel), and pixel pitch (<1 μm).
These advancements create opportunities for developing novel, high-resolution x-ray imaging systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe the design and construction of billion-pixel x-ray cameras (BiPC-X) utilizing tiled commercial CMOS sensors.
To develop device models for both direct and indirect x-ray detection methods.
To propose a modified Birks's law to explain light yield non-proportionality in scintillators.

Main Methods:

Flexible tiling of commercial CMOS imaging sensors to create large-format detectors.
Development of device models for direct detection (<10 keV x-rays) and indirect detection (using scintillators for higher energies).
Experimental validation of single x-ray sensitivity and spatial resolution using laboratory and synchrotron x-ray sources.

Main Results:

Successful construction of BiPC-X prototypes based on tiled CMOS sensors.
Validated device models for x-ray detection.
Experimental confirmation of single x-ray sensitivity and spatial resolution.
Proposed modified Birks's law for scintillator characterization.

Conclusions:

Billion-pixel x-ray cameras (BiPC-X) are feasible using advanced commercial CMOS sensors.
These cameras provide high sensitivity and resolution for demanding x-ray applications.
Potential applications span high-temperature plasma diagnostics, synchrotrons, and pulsed power facilities.