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Related Concept Videos

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Updated: Oct 29, 2025

Reconstitution of Cell-cycle Oscillations in Microemulsions of Cell-free Xenopus Egg Extracts
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Mitotic waves in an import-diffusion model with multiple nuclei in a shared cytoplasm.

F E Nolet1, L Gelens1

  • 1Laboratory of Dynamics in Biological Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Belgium.

Bio Systems
|July 11, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Cell cycle regulators redistribute in the cytoplasm via nuclei toggling between interphase and mitosis. This mathematical model reveals how nuclei can generate mitotic waves, influencing cell cycle timing and spatial organization.

Keywords:
Biological oscillatorsBiological physicsBiological traveling wavesCell cycle dynamicsPacemaker dynamicsPartial differential equationsXenopus cell-free extractsXenopus laevis early development

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Mathematical Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Cell nuclei dynamically regulate protein import/export, influenced by the cell cycle.
  • Nuclear envelope dynamics (assembly/breakdown) impact protein localization and diffusion.
  • Cell cycle progression involves periodic nuclear events crucial for cell division.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To mathematically model protein redistribution in the cytoplasm by cycling nuclei.
  • To investigate the emergence of mitotic waves driven by nuclear import-export dynamics.
  • To understand how cell cycle regulators influence wave propagation and origin.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a mathematical import-diffusion model.
  • Simulation of nuclei periodically transitioning between interphase and mitosis.
  • Analysis of model parameters influencing mitotic wave characteristics.

Main Results:

  • The model demonstrates protein redistribution in the cytoplasm due to cycling nuclei.
  • Mitotic waves arise when the cell cycle period is concentration-dependent.
  • Wave velocity and spatial origin are tunable by model parameters.

Conclusions:

  • Nuclei act as key regulators of cytoplasmic protein distribution and cell cycle timing.
  • The mathematical model provides a framework for understanding mitotic wave generation in systems with multiple nuclei.
  • Findings are supported by in vitro experiments using Xenopus laevis egg extracts.