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Gut Microbiota in Mexican Children With Acute Diarrhea: An Observational Study
Erick Manuel Toro Monjaraz1, Karen Rubí Ignorosa Arellano1, Alejandro Loredo Mayer1
1From the Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Department, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría.
The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
|July 12, 2021
Summary
Acute diarrhea in children significantly alters gut microbiota. Treatment with Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 may help restore gut microbial diversity, improving outcomes in pediatric acute diarrhea cases.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Pediatrics
- Gastroenterology
Background:
- Acute diarrhea is a major global health concern for children.
- Identifying pathogens and understanding gut microbiota changes are crucial for effective treatment.
- This study focuses on Mexican children experiencing acute diarrhea.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify key pathogens causing acute diarrhea in Mexican children.
- To analyze alterations in gut microbiota composition during acute diarrhea.
- To evaluate the impact of Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 on gut microbiota restoration.
Main Methods:
- An observational study involving 30 children with acute diarrhea and 15 healthy controls.
- Stool samples collected at baseline (D0) and day 15 (D15) for pathogen and microbiota analysis.
- Pathogen identification via multiplex PCR; microbiota analysis using 16S gene sequencing.
Main Results:
- Norovirus and Campylobacter jejuni were the most common pathogens (20% each).
- Acute diarrhea (D0) showed significantly reduced gut microbial alpha diversity and altered composition (beta diversity) compared to controls and D15 samples.
- Treatment with Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 led to increased alpha diversity, nearing levels of the control group by D15.
Conclusions:
- Acute diarrhea in children is associated with significant gut dysbiosis.
- Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 shows potential in restoring gut microbiota balance in pediatric patients.
- Improvements in alpha diversity appear to be a key mechanism for S. boulardii's therapeutic effect.
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