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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Mechanics

Background:

  • The quantum Hall effect exemplifies topological protection, utilizing 1D edge channels that prevent backscattering.
  • Graphene is a promising material for studying topological properties, but its edge channels show less robustness than in semiconductors.
  • Conventional Hall bar geometries limit the understanding of graphene's quantum Hall regime.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the local-scale behavior of graphene's quantum Hall regime.
  • To identify factors affecting the robustness of topological protection in graphene edge channels.
  • To understand the influence of edge imperfections on topological breakdown.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a scanning gate microscope to probe the graphene quantum Hall regime at a local scale.
  • Conducting experiments on graphene Hall bar geometries with edge antidots.
  • Employing computational simulations to complement experimental findings.

Main Results:

  • Antidots along graphene edges were found to mediate backscattering towards upstream edge channels.
  • This backscattering triggers a breakdown of topological protection in the quantum Hall regime.
  • The local-scale exploration revealed specific vulnerabilities in graphene's edge channels.

Conclusions:

  • Experimental and simulation results highlight the detrimental effect of antidots on graphene's topological protection.
  • Understanding these vulnerabilities is crucial for future advancements in manipulating topologically protected edge channels.
  • This research provides insights applicable to various two-dimensional crystalline materials.