Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Residual Stresses in Bending01:18

Residual Stresses in Bending

341
In the study of elastoplastic members subjected to bending moments, understanding the loading and unloading phases is crucial for assessing material behavior and structural integrity. During the loading phase, as the bending moment increases, the material initially responds elastically, adhering to Hooke's Law, where stress is directly proportional to strain. When the load exceeds the yield strength, plastic deformation occurs, resulting in permanent strain and deformation that remains even...
341
Members Made of Elastoplastic Material01:19

Members Made of Elastoplastic Material

221
The behavior of elastoplastic materials under bending stresses, particularly in structural members with rectangular cross-sections, is crucial for predicting material responses and understanding failure modes. Initially, when a bending moment is applied, the stress distribution across the section follows Hooke's Law and is linear and elastic. This distribution means the stress increases from the neutral axis to the maximum at the outer fibers, up to the elastic limit.
As the bending moment...
221
Plastic Deformations01:14

Plastic Deformations

216
It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...
216
Plastic Deformations01:19

Plastic Deformations

232
Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their...
232
Bending01:10

Bending

544
Pure bending is a fundamental concept in structural mechanics, essential for understanding how materials deform under symmetrical loads without direct forces. Pure bending occurs when prismatic members, such as beams, are subjected to equal and opposite moments that induce bending. The phenomenon is crucial as it allows for predicting stress distributions without the influence of axial or shear forces.
In pure bending, the bending stress in a beam is calculated based on the bending moment and...
544
Bending of Members Made of Several Materials01:08

Bending of Members Made of Several Materials

344
In analyzing a structural member composed of two different materials with identical cross-sectional areas, it is crucial to understand how their distinct elastic properties affect the member's response under load. The analysis involves assessing stress and strain distributions using the transformed section concept, which accounts for variations in material properties.
Hooke's Law determines stress in each material, stating that stress is proportional to strain but varies due to each...
344

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Coordinated Skin-Electrode Deformation for Switchable Adhesion and Injury-Free Detachment of Epidermal Electrodes.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same author

Bimodal iontronic skins powered by edge intelligence for real-time collaborative interaction.

National science review·2026
Same author

Hysteresis-free and dynamically resilient strain sensor enabled by interfacial coordination.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Iontronic tip-sensing guidewires.

Nature biomedical engineering·2025
Same author

Machine-Learning-Powered, Rapid, Accurate, and Multi-Target Mechanical Metamaterials Inverse Design.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2025
Same author

Flexible iontronic sensing.

Chemical Society reviews·2025
Same journal

Dynamic-Based Path Planning and Locomotion of Tensegrity Robots Considering Environmental Interaction.

Soft robotics·2026
Same journal

A Soft Magnetic Jamming Method Enabling Variable Stiffness and Active Steering for Robotic Catheter.

Soft robotics·2026
Same journal

Research on the Design of Variable Stiffness Adhesive Feet and Cooperative Crawling Mechanism for Soft Bionic Gecko-Inspired Wall-Climbing Robots.

Soft robotics·2026
Same journal

Bioinspired Swallowing Soft Gripper with Toroidal Optical Waveguides for Multimodal Interactive Perception.

Soft robotics·2026
Same journal

Plant-Inspired Elastic-Hydraulic Tactile Sensing Enables Quantitative Stiffness Estimation in Soft Robots.

Soft robotics·2026
Same journal

Ultrastable Soft Capacitive Tactile Sensor with Impedance-Modulated Signal.

Soft robotics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 29, 2025

Fabrication of Soft Pneumatic Network Actuators with Oblique Chambers
07:09

Fabrication of Soft Pneumatic Network Actuators with Oblique Chambers

Published on: August 17, 2018

9.3K

Stiffness Preprogrammable Soft Bending Pneumatic Actuators for High-Efficient, Conformal Operation.

Xingxing Ke1, Jiajun Jang1, Zhiping Chai1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.

Soft Robotics
|July 13, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces stiffness preprogrammable soft pneumatic actuators (SPAs) to overcome limitations in varying curvature interactions. These enhanced SPAs offer improved conformal grasping and sensing capabilities for complex tasks.

Keywords:
finger rehabilitationsoft bending actuatorsstiffness preprogrammable structuresvariable curvature actuators

More Related Videos

Rapid Manufacturing of Thin Soft Pneumatic Actuators and Robots
08:47

Rapid Manufacturing of Thin Soft Pneumatic Actuators and Robots

Published on: November 8, 2019

7.8K
Design and Fabrication of an Elastomeric Unit for Soft Modular Robots in Minimally Invasive Surgery
11:06

Design and Fabrication of an Elastomeric Unit for Soft Modular Robots in Minimally Invasive Surgery

Published on: November 14, 2015

9.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 29, 2025

Fabrication of Soft Pneumatic Network Actuators with Oblique Chambers
07:09

Fabrication of Soft Pneumatic Network Actuators with Oblique Chambers

Published on: August 17, 2018

9.3K
Rapid Manufacturing of Thin Soft Pneumatic Actuators and Robots
08:47

Rapid Manufacturing of Thin Soft Pneumatic Actuators and Robots

Published on: November 8, 2019

7.8K
Design and Fabrication of an Elastomeric Unit for Soft Modular Robots in Minimally Invasive Surgery
11:06

Design and Fabrication of an Elastomeric Unit for Soft Modular Robots in Minimally Invasive Surgery

Published on: November 14, 2015

9.1K

Area of Science:

  • Robotics
  • Materials Science
  • Mechanical Engineering

Background:

  • Soft pneumatic actuators (SPAs) offer simple control for complex motions but struggle with varying curvature interactions due to profile mismatch.
  • Homogeneous SPAs exhibit limitations when interacting with objects of different curvatures, impacting efficiency and adaptability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a stiffness preprogrammable soft pneumatic actuator (SPSPA) with gradient distributions for improved interaction with curved objects.
  • To develop a predictive mathematical model for SPSPA behavior based on geometrical and material parameters.
  • To demonstrate the enhanced conformal grasping, interaction, and sensing capabilities of SPSPAs.

Main Methods:

  • Finite element analysis (FEA) and experimental validation were used to build a predictive mathematical model for SPSPA behavior.
  • Gradient geometrical or material distributions were implemented to preprogram stiffness.
  • SPSPAs were designed and tested for conformal grasping, interaction with inhomogeneous curvature objects, and robotic applications.

Main Results:

  • SPSPAs demonstrated significantly improved effective contact area (over 434.7%) and perimeter utilization ratio (12.5%) with a triangular object.
  • Enhanced conformal ability and higher contact area rates were achieved when interacting with inhomogeneous curvature objects.
  • SPSPAs exhibited superior kinetic, kinematic, and sensing capabilities compared to homogeneous SPAs when interacting with varying curvature objects.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed SPSPA design strategy enables conformal and efficient interaction in curvature-varying scenarios.
  • SPSPAs offer improved performance in grasping, interaction, and sensing, making them suitable for specific applications.
  • Customized SPSPAs, such as those for finger rehabilitation, show potential for single-purpose applications requiring precise interaction.