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The Challenge of Diabetic Retinopathy Standardization in an Ophthalmological Dataset
Luis F Nakayama1, Mariana B Gonçalves1,2,3, Daniel A Ferraz1,2,3
1Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - EPM - São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology
|July 14, 2021
Abstract
No abstract available in PubMed .
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DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
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Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration occur due to afferent arteriolar...

