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RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

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RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
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RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
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RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

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Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
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RNA Structure01:19

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The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
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Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
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Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
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Updated: Oct 29, 2025

A Nonsequencing Approach for the Rapid Detection of RNA Editing
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A Nonsequencing Approach for the Rapid Detection of RNA Editing

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Arrow pushing in RNA modification sequencing.

David Bartee1, Supuni Thalalla Gamage, Courtney N Link

  • 1Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 538 Chandler St, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. jordan.meier@nih.gov.

Chemical Society Reviews
|July 14, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review details methods combining chemical reactivity and next-generation sequencing to detect RNA modifications. These techniques are crucial for understanding the functional roles of RNA modifications in disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Chemical Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • RNA modifications are vital for cellular function.
  • Accurate detection of RNA modifications is essential for research.
  • Understanding RNA modification roles in disease requires robust methodologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in detecting RNA modifications.
  • To highlight the integration of chemical reactivity and sequencing technologies.
  • To explore the application of these methods in understanding disease.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of chemical reactivity with next-generation sequencing.
  • Development of labeling protocols (chemical, enzymatic, metabolic) for specific modifications.
  • Analysis of molecular rationales for detection methods.

Main Results:

  • Detailed protocols for eleven exemplary RNA modifications.
  • Demonstrated ability to differentiate modified nucleotides from canonical bases.
  • Identification of new opportunities for chemical approaches in RNA modification research.

Conclusions:

  • Chemical reactivity and sequencing offer powerful tools for RNA modification detection.
  • These methods are key to elucidating the functional roles of RNA modifications.
  • Future applications in disease research are promising.