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Related Concept Videos

Protein-Drug Binding: Determination Methods01:22

Protein-Drug Binding: Determination Methods

381
Determining protein-drug binding can be achieved through indirect and direct methods, each providing valuable insights into the interaction between proteins and drugs.
Indirect methods involve isolating the bound drug from its free form in biological samples such as blood, serum, or plasma. These techniques aim to measure the percentage of drugs bound to proteins. Equilibrium dialysis is a commonly used method where the free drug concentration at equilibrium is measured by separating the bound...
381
Drug Distribution: Plasma Protein Binding01:29

Drug Distribution: Plasma Protein Binding

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Drugs predominantly attach to plasma proteins, with only a small percentage remaining unbound. The unbound portion can be calculated as one minus the bound fraction. Acidic drugs form large, inactive complexes by reversibly binding to plasma albumin, which prevents them from diffusing across biological barriers. These drug-protein complexes act as reservoirs for the drugs. As the concentration of unbound drugs decreases, these complexes quickly dissociate to release the free drug, maintaining...
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Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications01:30

Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications

685
Capillary electrophoretic separations offer various modes, each with unique applications. These modes include capillary zone electrophoresis, capillary gel electrophoresis, capillary array electrophoresis, capillary isoelectric focusing, capillary isotachophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, and capillary electrochromatography.
Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) separates ionic components based on their electrophoretic mobility. It has been used to separate proteins, amino acids,...
685
Hepatic Drug Clearance: Effect of Protein Binding01:09

Hepatic Drug Clearance: Effect of Protein Binding

346
Hepatic clearance is influenced by protein binding based on the drug's extraction ratio. Drugs with high extraction ratios are considered flow-limited and remain unaffected by protein binding during hepatic clearance. On the other hand, drugs with low extraction ratios may be impacted by plasma protein binding, although the extent of this influence depends on the fraction of the drug bound.
For low-extraction-ratio drugs that are less than 80% protein-bound, minor changes in protein binding...
346
Dialysis01:15

Dialysis

953
Dialysis is a diffusion-based purification process that separates analyte molecules from a complex matrix. This is accomplished by allowing molecules in the solution to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a liquid on the other side. The membrane is usually made of cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate, and the second liquid must be miscible with the solution. Ions (e.g., chloride or sodium) or organic molecules (e.g., glucose) can pass through the membrane pores, which generally have...
953
Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Assumption with Protein Binding01:13

Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Assumption with Protein Binding

113
Physiological models with protein binding in pharmacokinetics offer a sophisticated approach to understanding drug disposition. These models consider drug-protein interactions, enabling them to effectively predict drug concentrations in different organs and tissues. This precision aids in accurate drug dosing, providing a significant advantage over conventional models. A key process within these models is equilibration, which ensures that drug concentrations achieve a steady state within the...
113

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Author Spotlight: Advancing the Analysis of Plasma Extracellular Vesicle Proteome for Cardiovascular Biomarker Studies
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Solid-phase microextraction for assessment of plasma protein binding, a complement to rapid equilibrium dialysis.

Sheelan Ahmad1,2, Daniel Baker2, Darragh Murnane2

  • 1Research & Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK.

Bioanalysis
|July 19, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) offers a reliable alternative for measuring plasma protein binding (PPB), crucial for drug development. SPME results closely align with the gold standard, rapid equilibrium dialysis (RED), ensuring accurate pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic assessments.

Keywords:
free concentrationmicrosamplingplasma protein bindingrapid equilibrium dialysissolid-phase microextraction

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Plasma protein binding (PPB) is critical for understanding drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
  • The free concentration of a drug determines its pharmacological activity.
  • Accurate PPB measurement is vital for drug development and therapeutic efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) as a method for determining plasma protein binding (PPB).
  • To compare SPME's PPB measurements against the gold standard, rapid equilibrium dialysis (RED).
  • To evaluate SPME as a potential alternative platform for PPB determination in biological matrices.

Main Methods:

  • Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technique was employed for PPB measurement.
  • Comparison of SPME results with those obtained from rapid equilibrium dialysis (RED).
  • Analysis of PPB for metoprolol, propranolol, and diclofenac across three concentrations.

Main Results:

  • SPME-derived PPB values showed strong correlation with literature values.
  • SPME results were comparable to those determined by RED.
  • Average PPB percentages for metoprolol, propranolol, and diclofenac by SPME were 31.7%, 86.6%, and 99.0%, respectively, closely matching RED values.

Conclusions:

  • SPME is a viable and accurate alternative method for determining plasma protein binding.
  • The study provides evidence supporting SPME's utility in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic assessments.
  • SPME offers a promising platform for routine PPB determination in drug research.