Can Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Enhance Functionality in Older Adults? A Systematic Review

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Gerontology
• Rehabilitation Science

Background:

• Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique.
• Its efficacy requires further assessment across diverse populations and clinical uses.
• Older adults may benefit from interventions to maintain or improve functionality.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review evidence on tDCS effects on functionality in adults over 60.
• To summarize findings from randomized clinical trials comparing tDCS to sham stimulation.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature search for randomized clinical trials of tDCS in older adults.
• Inclusion of studies without publication date restrictions.
• Analysis of nine high-quality studies involving 260 healthy participants (aged 61-85.8 years).

Main Results:

• Seven out of nine studies reported significant functional improvements with tDCS compared to sham.
• Anodal tDCS over the motor cortex showed potential for enhancing balance and posture control.
• Improvements were noted in various functionality variables.

Conclusions:

• tDCS, particularly anodal stimulation of the motor cortex, may effectively improve balance and posture in healthy older adults.
• Further high-quality randomized controlled trials are necessary.
• Optimal tDCS protocols and broader benefits for older adults require clarification.