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Updated: Oct 27, 2025

A Model for Perineural Invasion in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Published on: January 5, 2017
Cutaneous Malignancies of the Head and Neck
Gino K In1, Jacob S Thomas1, Ann W Silk2
1Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center and University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
Abstract:
Cutaneous malignancies (CMs), or skin cancers, are the most common cancer worldwide, with a quarter million cases diagnosed annually in the United States alone. The best described risk factor for CM is ultraviolet radiation from sunlight, and therefore most of these cancers develop in sun-exposed skin, including the head and neck. Beginning with melanoma, immunotherapy has increasingly been used over the past decade for treatment of unresectable CM, and immune checkpoint inhibitors are now Food and Drug Administration-approved for first-line treatment of unresectable melanoma, Merkel cell carcinoma, and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, and second-line for basal cell carcinoma.
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