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Comparative Analysis of Right Ventricle Fluid Dynamics.

Dario Collia1, Luigino Zovatto1, Giovanni Tonti2

  • 1Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
|July 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary

The right ventricle (RV) geometry efficiently transfers energy to blood flow, unlike the left ventricle (LV). Understanding RV fluid dynamics can aid in developing clinical indicators for right-sided heart conditions.

Keywords:
biomechanicscardiac fluid dynamicsleft ventriclemechanical workmitral valvenumerical simulationright ventricletricuspid valve

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Computational Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • The right ventricle (RV) and left ventricle (LV) pump equal blood volumes but differ significantly in afterload and muscular strength requirements.
  • Understanding the RV's unique fluid dynamics is crucial for developing clinical indicators for right-sided heart conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the fluid dynamics of normal right and left ventricles.
  • To elucidate the role of the RV's streamlined geometry in its function.
  • To provide a physics-based foundation for clinical indicators related to the right heart.

Main Methods:

  • Image-based direct numerical simulation (DNS) was employed.
  • The immersed boundary technique was utilized, incorporating simplified tricuspid and mitral valve models.

Main Results:

  • Vortex formation in early diastole is similar in both ventricles.
  • RV vorticity dissipates rapidly post-diastole, while LV maintains a central circulatory pattern.
  • The RV's geometry facilitates efficient mechanical work transfer to blood during systole, contributing significantly to the energetic balance.

Conclusions:

  • The RV exhibits distinct fluid dynamic behaviors compared to the LV, particularly in vorticity dynamics and energy transfer.
  • The RV's role shifts between reservoir and conduit functions during the cardiac cycle.
  • These findings support the development of novel clinical indicators for right-sided heart dysfunctions.