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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 26, 2025

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An E-Textile Respiration Sensing System for NICU Monitoring: Design and Validation.

Gozde Cay1, Vignesh Ravichandran1, Manob Jyoti Saikia1,2

  • 1Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI USA.

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|July 26, 2021
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Summary

This study introduces a smart textile pressure sensor system for accurate, noninvasive respiration rate monitoring in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs). The system offers a comfortable alternative to traditional electrodes, reducing infant skin injury and improving monitoring quality.

Keywords:
Baby monitoringE-textilesNICURespiration monitoringTextile pressure sensors

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Textile Science
  • Neonatal Care

Background:

  • Preterm infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) require continuous monitoring.
  • Current methods using wired electrodes with adhesives can cause skin irritation and discomfort.
  • Respiration rate (RR) monitoring from electrocardiograms (ECG) presents accuracy challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and validate a smart textile pressure sensor system for noninvasive respiration rate monitoring in NICU settings.
  • To address the limitations of traditional skin-adhering electrodes.
  • To improve the accuracy and clinical quality of RR monitoring for premature infants.

Main Methods:

  • Developed two piezoresistive e-textile pressure sensors using Velostat material.
  • Integrated sensors via hand-stitching and industrial embroidery onto different fabric bases.
  • Utilized a data acquisition system and signal processing pipeline for validation on a NICU baby mannequin.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high relative accuracies for hand-stitched sensors (98.68% and 98.07%).
  • Demonstrated superior accuracies with embroidered sensors (99.37% and 99.39%) at 60 breaths per minute.
  • The prototype system showed promising results for noninvasive RR monitoring.

Conclusions:

  • The smart textile sensor system offers a viable, noninvasive alternative for neonatal respiration monitoring.
  • Further research is needed in textile design, human factors, and clinical trials.
  • This technology has the potential to enhance infant comfort and monitoring efficacy in NICUs.