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Author Spotlight: Enhancing Understanding and Treatment Strategies with the NEC-on-a-Chip Model

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Pediatric intestinal failure and the microbiome.

Rohit Josyabhatla¹, Essam M Imseis¹

¹Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA.

Seminars in Perinatology

|August 1, 2021

Summary

Neonatal intestinal failure involves microbiome changes and complications. Modulating the gut microbiome offers a promising therapeutic approach for this condition.

Keywords:

Antibiotics Gut microbiota Intestinal failure Microbiome Parenteral lipid Probiotics Short Bowel Syndrome

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Area of Science:

Gastroenterology
Microbiology
Neonatal Medicine

Background:

Neonatal intestinal failure (NIF) is a critical condition requiring long-term parenteral nutrition.
NIF is characterized by significant alterations in the gut microbiome compared to healthy infants.
The impact of this dysbiotic microbiome on NIF complications is an emerging area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the relationship between the dysbiotic microbiome and complications in neonatal intestinal failure.
To investigate the potential of microbiome modulation as a therapeutic strategy for NIF.

Main Methods:

Comparative analysis of microbiome composition in NIF patients versus healthy controls.
Review of current literature on the effects of enteral/parenteral nutrients and probiotics on the NIF microbiome.

Main Results:

Significant differences in microbial diversity and composition were observed in infants with NIF.
Early evidence suggests that targeted nutritional and probiotic interventions may influence the microbiome in NIF.

Conclusions:

The altered microbiome in neonatal intestinal failure plays a role in disease complications.
Modulating the gut microbiome through nutritional and probiotic therapies presents a promising avenue for improving outcomes in NIF.