Optimization and Characterization of Polyphosphate Fertilizers by Two Different Manufacturing Processes.
Xuewei Wang1,2, Yanju Gao3,4, Guixin Chu2
1Department of Resources and Environmental Science, College of Agriculture/The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, P. R. China.
ACS Omega
|August 2, 2021
Summary
Manufacturing short-chain ammonium polyphosphate (APP) fertilizers using the monoammonium phosphate (MAP)-urea process yields superior products compared to the phosphoric acid (PA)-urea method. Optimized conditions enhance APP fertilizer quality and nutrient recovery.
Area of Science:
- Agricultural Chemistry
- Fertilizer Technology
- Materials Science
Background:
- Short-chain ammonium polyphosphate (APP) fertilizers are crucial for efficient nutrient delivery.
- Understanding the impact of manufacturing parameters on APP properties is essential for optimizing fertilizer quality.
- Existing production methods require further investigation to enhance fertilizer performance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the influence of reaction parameters on the characteristics of short-chain ammonium polyphosphate (APP) fertilizers.
- To compare the effectiveness of two distinct manufacturing processes: phosphoric acid (PA)-urea and monoammonium phosphate (MAP)-urea.
- To identify optimal conditions for producing high-quality APP fertilizers with improved nutrient recovery.
Main Methods:
- Conducted batch manufacturing experiments using PA-urea and MAP-urea processes.
- Varied key reaction parameters including molar ratio (P:N), temperature, time, and pressure.
- Analyzed APP features such as polymerization degree, polymerization rate, solubility, and N and P recovery rates.
Main Results:
- Reaction parameters significantly influenced APP features under both manufacturing conditions.
- Optimized conditions for MAP-urea process: molar ratio 1.6:1, 130 °C, 45 min.
- Optimized conditions for PA-urea process: molar ratio 1:1.7, 180 °C, 60 min.
- MAP-urea process yielded superior APP fertilizer characteristics compared to the PA-urea process.
Conclusions:
- The MAP-urea manufacturing process is more effective for producing high-quality short-chain APP fertilizers.
- Optimized reaction parameters are critical for maximizing fertilizer performance and nutrient recovery.
- This study provides valuable insights for the industrial production of advanced APP fertilizers.
Related Concept Videos
01:27Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence
34
Changes in polymorphic forms can significantly influence the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Although the FDA defines pharmaceutical equivalence based on having the same active ingredient, dosage form, and route of administration, it does not automatically disqualify products with different polymorphic forms. This means two products with different polymorphs can still be deemed pharmaceutically equivalent. However, polymorphic differences can affect properties like wettability,...
34
01:21Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism
440
Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
Some polymorphic crystals possess lower aqueous solubility than their amorphous counterparts, leading to incomplete absorption. For instance, the oral suspension of Chloramphenicol, which...
Some polymorphic crystals possess lower aqueous solubility than their amorphous counterparts, leading to incomplete absorption. For instance, the oral suspension of Chloramphenicol, which...
440
01:20Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters
2.4K
The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the...
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the...
2.4K