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Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
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As depicted in the figure below, the unsymmetrical ketones can form two possible enolates:  less substituted or more substituted enolates. Usually, the thermodynamic enolates are formed from the more substituted α-carbon atom, while the kinetic enolates are formed faster by deprotonation from the less substituted position. The thermodynamic enolates have lower energy, so they are  more stable. But the energy required to form kinetic enolates is less.
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EDTA titration curves determine the free metal ion concentration. The titration curve represents the change in concentration of free metal ions (p function) as a function of the volume of EDTA added. This curve consists of three regions: before, at, and after equivalence points. Excess free metal ions are present before the equivalence point. Equal concentrations of metal ions and EDTA are present at the equivalence point. After the equivalence point, excess EDTA exists. This means slight...
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Updated: Oct 26, 2025

Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides
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Correction: Eutectics: formation, properties, and applications.

Dongkun Yu1, Zhimin Xue, Tiancheng Mu

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China. tcmu@ruc.edu.cn.

Chemical Society Reviews
|August 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This correction clarifies details in the original review on eutectics. It ensures accurate information on eutectic formation, properties, and applications for researchers.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Eutectics are mixtures with a lower melting point than their components.
  • Understanding eutectic systems is crucial for various applications.
  • Accurate data on eutectic formation and properties is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To correct and refine information presented in a previous review article.
  • To ensure the scientific accuracy of data regarding eutectics.
  • To provide an updated and reliable resource on eutectic systems.

Main Methods:

  • Review and verification of data from the original publication.
  • Cross-referencing with experimental results and theoretical models.
  • Editorial correction of factual inaccuracies.

Main Results:

  • Specific corrections to figures, equations, and textual descriptions.
  • Clarification of property data for selected eutectic systems.
  • Ensured consistency in the presentation of formation and application information.

Conclusions:

  • The corrected review provides a more accurate and reliable overview of eutectics.
  • This ensures researchers have access to precise information for further studies.
  • The corrections enhance the value of the original work for the scientific community.