Every Child on the Map: A Theory of Change Framework for Improving Childhood Immunization Coverage and Equity Using...

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Geographic Information Systems
• Health Informatics

Background:

• Geospatial data and technologies offer significant potential for improving data-driven decision-making in immunization programs.
• Effective utilization can enhance childhood immunization coverage rates, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.

Purpose of the Study:

• To present a theory of change illustrating how geospatial technologies can improve immunization outcomes.
• To provide a framework for understanding the impact of geospatial data on immunization programming.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing evidence and literature on geospatial technologies in immunization.
• Consultations with immunization and geospatial technology experts, implementers, and donors.
• Analysis of country-level implementation experiences.

Main Results:

• Geospatial technologies aid in estimating target populations and identifying underserved areas.
• They guide resource optimization and health service location for better immunization delivery.
• Direct improvements in service delivery contribute to health system strengthening and equitable coverage.

Conclusions:

• Geospatial data and technologies are crucial tools for enhancing immunization programs.
• The presented theory of change can guide stakeholders in leveraging geospatial tools for integrated service planning and equitable delivery.
• Geography and geospatial data play a unifying role in achieving systematic improvements in immunization coverage.